Issues related to water resources have been ascribed the role of “final status negotiations” in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Current regulatory framework from 1990s is incomplete and inconsistent with international law. Palestinians have currently no complete access to shared natural resources in the Occupied Palestinians Territories, including natural water reservoirs. In order to ensure water security in an area defined by a shortage of water reserves it is therefore crucial to address adequate water management of the main regional water resources (the Jordan River, coastal and mountain aquifer) by taking into consideration current demographic, climate and humanitarian factors. For this purpose, the Thesis examines the legal framework of international water law and shared natural resources, focusing on ensuring adequate water supply during armed conflicts. It addresses special features of water management in cases of military occupation and the application of international human rights law in the Occupied Palestinian Territory. In finding an appropriate solution, the Thesis explores relevant diplomatic means of peaceful dispute settlement, principally mediation. In ensuring regional peace and security, the work promotes transboundary water cooperation and regulation of protection and management of water infrastructures by peace agreements, in accordance with the principle of equitable and reasonable utilisation of water resources and the obligation not to cause significant harm to other States or to the environment.
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