Uporabnost treninga ponovljivih šprintov v hipoksiji pri nogometaših : magistrsko delo

Cesar, Martin (author), Debevec, Tadej (mentor), Rauter, Samo (co-mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bilo ugotoviti, ali trening ponovljivih šprintov v hipoksiji s prostovoljno hipoventilacijo pozitivno vpliva na sposobnost izvajanja ponovljivih šprintov v normalnih (normoksičnih) pogojih in če to sposobnost izboljša bolj kot primerljiv trening ponovljivih šprintov v normoksiji. Metodo prostovoljne hipoventilacije smo uporabili, ker je enostavna in dostopna metoda za doseganje intermitetnega hipoksičnega stanja in je primerna za vpeljevanje v trenažni proces nogometašev. Preiskovance smo razdeli v eksperimentalno (N=13) in kontrolno (N=12) skupino, ki so ponovljive šprinte izvajali s prostovoljno hipoventilacijo in v normalnih pogojih. Pred in po vadbenem protokolu so preiskovanci opravili test ponovljivih šprintov do utrujenosti. Opazovali smo tudi vpliv na masimalno hitrost, saturacijo kisika v krvi po končanem testu, maksimalno srčno frekvenco in subjektivno oceno napora po opravljenem testu. Eksperimentalna skupina, ki je ponovljive šprinte izvajala s prostovoljno hipoventilacijo, je v povprečju izboljšala svojo sposobnost opravljanja ponovljivih šprintov in povečala čas do utrujenosti na testu ponovljivih šprintov. Število šprintov se je v povprečju povečalo iz 8 na 14 ponovitev (p < 0,001). Kontrolna skupina pa ni dosegla statistično značilnih razlik. Eksperimentalna skupina je na končnih meritvah v povprečju dosegla (+5 ponovitev, p < 0,001) več ponovitev kot kontrolna skupina. Prav tako je eksperimentalna skupina podaljšala čas do utrujenosti (+91 s, p < 0,001) v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Rezultati zaključnih testiranj kažejo, da ni bilo vpliva na maksimalno hitrost in da med skupinama ni prišlo do večjih razlik v saturaciji krvi s kisikom po opravljenem testu. Eksperimentalna skupina je sicer enako desaturacijo kisika dosegla kasneje (po večjem številu opravljenih šprintov) kot kontrolna skupina. Nobenih razlik med skupinama nismo opazili tudi pri vrednostih maksimalne frekvence srčnega utripa in subjektivnem vrednotenju napora ob koncu testiranja. Na podlagi tega ugotavljamo, da so vadeči na obeh testih dosegli maksimalno individualno intenzivnost. Rezultati pričujoče magistrske naloge kažejo, da metoda ponovljivih šprintov v hipoksiji izboljša sposobnost ponovljivih šprintov v normoksiji in njeno uporabo svetujemo kot koristen dodatek tovrstnim treningom.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nogomet, trenažni proces, ponovljivi šprinti, hipoksija, prostovoljna hipoventilacija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141614
• COBISS.SI-ID: 125341699
• Publication date in RUL: 03.10.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Usefulness of repeated sprint training in hypoxia in soccer players

Abstract

We aimed to determine whether training of repeated sprints in hypoxia using voluntary hypoventilation improve repeated sprints ability in normal (normoxic) conditions and furthermore, if it provides additional benefit over normoxic repeated sprints training. We used the method of voluntary hypoventilation as it is a simply applicable method for achieving an intermittent hypoxic state and is suitable for introduction into the training process of football players. The participants were divided into experimental (N=13) and control (N=12) groups. The experimental group performed repeated sprints training with voluntary hypoventilation and the control group repeated sprints training under normal conditions. Before and after the training protocol, the participants performed a repeated sprint test to fatigue. During and after the testing we also measured maximal speed, blood oxygen saturation, maximum heart rate at the end, and rates of percieved exertion. The experimental group significantly improved their ability to perform repeated sprints and increased the time to fatigue in the repeated sprint test. On average, the number of sprints increased from 8 to 14 repetitions (p < 0.001). The control group, however, did not achieve statistically significant improvements. The experimental group scored on average (+5 sprint repetitions p < 0.001) more than the control group at the final measurements. Also, the experimental group increased the time to fatigue (+91 s, p < 0.001) compared to the control group. However, no differences were noted between the two groups in maximum speed and/or oxygen saturation. The experimental group, however, reached the same level of oxygen desaturation later (after more sprints) than the control group. As we did not detect any differences in the maximum heart rates and ratings of percioeved exertions we can assume that the participants reached the maximum individual intensity in both tests. We, thereby, conclude that the repeated sprints training in hypoxia using voluntary hypoventilation can be useful for improving repeated sprints ability in soccer players and can therefore be suggested as a possible beneficial addition to such training.

• Keywords: football, training process, repeatable sprints, hypoxia, voluntary hypoventilation