Sveti Rok, zavetnik pred kužnimi boleznimi, v cerkvah Ljubljanske nadškofije

Kastelic, Meta (author), Obreza, Aleš (mentor), Vodičar, Janez (comentor)

V magistrski nalogi smo opisali zgodovinsko ozadje časa, v katerem je živel sv. Rok, preučili smo odnos med religijo in boleznijo oz. zdravjem, posledično tudi lekarništvom. Podrobno smo opisali življenjepis sv. Roka, ki je obogaten s številnimi legendami. Preučili smo, kako so sv. Roka častili nekoč, zanimale so nas zlasti različne navade in običaji na slovenskem ozemlju. Natančno smo preučili tudi različne atribute, ki bi jih lahko opazili pri upodobitvah. Najobsežnejši del je bil iskanje Rokovih upodobitev, saj tega dela pred nami ni opravil še nihče. Zato smo pregledali različne vire in poklicali vse upravitelje cerkva, da bi bil naš seznam upodobitev kar se da popoln. V magistrskem delu smo ugotovili, da je sv. Roku na ozemlju Ljubljanske nadškofije posvečenih 12 cerkva, njegove upodobitve, večinoma kipe, pa najdemo še v 90 drugih cerkvah (v treh je upodobljen dvakrat). Časovno najbolj obsežno je bilo terensko raziskovanje, saj smo morali obiskati večino od teh cerkva, da smo dobili fotografije in podatke o upodobitvah. Opazili smo veliko povezanost upodobitev in češčenja sv. Roka in sv. Boštjana, ki tudi sodi med zavetnike, povezane z zdravjem, prav tako pa smo kvantitativno analizirali, kateri atributi so najpogostejši pri upodobitvah sv. Roka. Sv. Roka največkrat najdemo s plaščem, na katerem so školjke, in obutega v škornje. V roki ima palico z bučo, z drugo roko najpogosteje kaže na ranjeno stegno. Ob sebi ima pogosto psa s kruhom v gobcu. Preučili smo tudi pogostost Rokovih upodobitev in ugotovili, da jih je v cerkvah Ljubljanske nadškofije več kot 90. Iz kvantitativne analize smo ugotovili, da je sv. Rok najpogosteje upodobljen kot »pomožni« svetnik v stranskem oltarju (36-krat), potem kot »pomožni« svetnik v glavnem oltarju (32-krat), kot »glavni« svetnik v stranskem oltarju (12-krat), prav toliko pa je tudi njemu posvečenih cerkva (12).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sveti Rok, kuga, kip, slika, pes, svetniški atributi, oltar
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-141475
• Publication date in RUL: 30.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Saint Roch, patron saint of infectious diseases in the churches of the Ljubljana Archdiocese

Abstract

In our master’s thesis, the historical background of the time period of St. Roch’s life, in particular the relationship between religion and sickness or health and consequently with pharmaceutical practice, are thoroughly examined. We have described in detail the biography of St. Roch, which is enriched with many legends. We examined how St. Roch used to be worshiped. We were particularly interested in various customs and traditions in Slovenian territory. We also looked closely at the various attributes that might be noticed in his depictions. The search for depictions of St. Roch was the most extensive part, as this work has never been done before. For this purpose, different literary and other sources were reviewed and the managers of all the churches were contacted, so the list of the depictions could be as complete as possible. In our master's thesis, we found that 12 churches in the territory of archdiocese of Ljubljana are consecrated to St. Roch, and his depictions, mostly statues, can be found in 90 other churches (in three of these he is depicted more than once). The field research was the most time-consuming task, as the majority of these churches had to be visited to obtain images and data about the depictions. We found a significant connection between the depictions and worship of St. Roch and St. Sebastian, who is also a saint associated with health. A quantitative analysis of the saintly attributes of St. Roch on the depictions was conducted. St. Roch is most often found wearing a coat with shells on it and wearing boots. In his hand he has a staff with a gourd, with the other hand he often points to the wounded thigh. He is accompanied by a dog with bread in its mouth. We also examined the frequency of Roch's depictions and found that there are more than 90 of them in the churches of the Archdiocese of Ljubljana. From a quantitative analysis, we found that St. Rok is most often depicted as an "auxiliary" saint in the side altar (36×), then as an "auxiliary" saint in the main altar (32×), as a "main" saint in the side altar (12×), and just as many are dedicated to him churches (12).

• Keywords: saint Roch, plague, statue, picture, dog, saints attributes, altar