Izgube telet črno-bele pasme v prvem letu starosti v Sloveniji

Klopčič, Janez (author), Žgur, Silvester (mentor)

Namen naloge je bil raziskati, s kakšnimi izgubami telet krav črno-bele pasme se soočajo slovenski rejci govedi in oceniti ključne dejavnike za povečane izgube telet. Analizirali smo podatke o 576.655 teletih, ki so se telila v obdobju od 1. 1. 2005 do 31. 12. 2020. Podatke smo pridobili iz Centralnega registra govedi, kamor beležimo vse podatke o vseh v Sloveniji rojenih in uvoženih živalih ter tudi njihovih premikih. V prvem letu starosti je od vseh rojenih, vključno z abortusi in mrtvorojenimi teleti, poginilo skoraj 17 % (16,99 %) telet, pri čemer je skoraj polovica telet (49,06 %) poginila pred, med ali ob telitvi oz. še isti dan. Delež poginulih telet se je s 14,48 % v letu 2005, povečal na 16,85 % v letu 2020. Moška teleta so poginila pogosteje kot ženska teleta. V primeru dvojčkov, trojčkov ali več, je bila verjetnost pogina vsaj enega teleta v prvem letu starosti 2 do 5 krat večje kot pri enojčkih. Glede na starost matere je bilo največ izgub telet pri telicah oz. materah mlajših od 24 mesecev starosti. Največji delež mrtvorojenih in poginulih telet ob rojstvu je bil pozimi (8,65 %), najmanjši delež pa pri teletih rojenih jeseni (8,21 %), medtem, ko je bil največji delež izgubljenih telet v prvem letu starosti pri teletih rojenih pozimi (18,46 %), najmanjši delež pa spomladi (16,25 %).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: govedo, teleta, pasme, črno-bela pasma, izgube, Slovenija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140968
• COBISS.SI-ID: 122938883
• Publication date in RUL: 22.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Losses of Holstein calves up to one year of age in Slovenia

Abstract

The objective of this study was to estimate calf mortality rates in Slovenian Holstein cows and to evaluate risk factors for increased losses. We analysed data from 576,655 animals born in Slovenia in the period from 1. 1. 2005 to 31. 12. 2020. The data were obtained from the Central Cattle Register, which records data on all births in Slovenia and on imports of cattle and their movements. The calf mortality rate in the first year of life, including abortions and stillbirths, was almost 17% (16.99%). Almost half (49.06%) of all calves lost died before, during, or on the day of birth. The mortality rate increased from 14.48% in 2005 to 16.85% in 2020. Bull calves died more frequently than heifer calves. Twins and triplets or more were three and five times more likely to die by one year of age than singletons, respectively. Based on the age of the dam at calving, the highest calf mortality was observed in heifers younger than 24 months at calving. The highest proportion of stillborn calves and dead calves at birth was in winter (8.65%), the lowest in calves born in autumn (8.21%), while the highest proportion of calves lost to one year of age was in calves born in winter (18.46%) and the lowest in spring (16.25%).

• Keywords: cattle, calves, Holstein breed, losses, Slovenia