Rentgenska praškovna difrakcija vitaminskih in mineralnih preparatov

Vardijan, Petra (author), Golobič, Amalija (mentor)

Namen dela je bil seznaniti se v praksi s kvalitativno in kvantitativno rentgensko praškovno analizo. Za vzorce so bili izbrani vitaminski in mineralni preparati. Vitamini in minerali so v našem vsakdanjem življenju zelo pomembi za zdravo delovanje našega organizma. Ker jih naše telo ne proizvaja v zadostni količini, jih v telo vnesemo z raznoliko in pestro prehrano ali z vitaminskimi in mineralnimi izdelki. Analizirala sem 10 vzorcev vitaminskih in mineralnih preparatov v obliki šumečih in običajnih, trdnih tablet. Tablete so bile zmlete in homogenizirane v ahatni terilnici. Difraktogrami vzorcev so bili zatem posneti z rentgenskim praškovnim difraktometrom PANalytical X'Pert PRO MPD. Vzorcem sem fazno sestavo določila tako, da sem primerjala difraktogram vzorca z difraktogrami standardov iz podatkovne zbirke PDF-2. Kvalitativno analizo sem opravila s programom Crystallographica Search-Match (CSM). Masne deleže spojin v vzorcih oziroma kvantitativno fazno analizo sem opravila s programom Topas in sicer z Rietveldovo metodo. V vzorcih šumečih tablet je bilo največ citronske kisline in natrijevega hidrogenkarbonata in le majhna količina učinkovin oziroma prehranskih dopolnil. Vzorci običajnih trdnih tablet vsebujejo večji delež učinkovin kot vzorci šumečih tablet. Poleg vitaminov in mineralov sem določila tudi vrsto in količino prisotnih sladil, nekaterih drugih komponent npr. barvil pa nisem mogla identificirati. Bodisi, ker je njihova količina v vzorcih tako majhna, da so pod mejo detekcije za rentgensko praškovno analizo ali pa so bila v amorfni obliki.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: rentgenska praškovna difrakcija, kvalitativna fazna analiza, kvantitativna fazna analiza, vitamini, minerali, tablete
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140836
• COBISS.SI-ID: 130887683
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2022

VARDIJAN, Petra, 2022, Rentgenska praškovna difrakcija vitaminskih in mineralnih preparatov [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. [Accessed 17 May 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=140836

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: X-ray powder diffraction of vitamin and mineral products

Abstract

The purpose of the work was to become familiar with qualitative and quantitative X-ray powder analysis in practice. Vitamin and mineral preparations were chosen for the samples. Vitamins and minerals are very important in our daily life for the healthy functioning of our organism. Since our body doesn’t produce them in sufficient quantity, we introduce them into the body with a varied diet or with vitamin and mineral products. I analysed 10 samples of vitamin and mineral preparations in the form of effervescent and regular, solid tablets. Tablets were ground and homogenized in an agate grinder. The diffraction patterns of the samples were then measured with a PANalytical X'Pert PRO MPD X-ray powder diffractometer. I determined the phase composition of the samples by comparing the diffraction pattern of the sample with those of the standards from the PDF-2 database. I performed the qualitative analysis with the Crystallographica Search-Match (CSM) program. I calculated the mass fractions of the compounds in the samples by the quantitative phase analysis with the Topas program, using the Rietveld method. The samples of effervescent tablets contained a lot of citric acid and sodium hydrogen carbonate and only a small amount of active ingredients or food supplements. Samples of regular solid tablets contain a higher proportion of active ingredients than samples of effervescent tablets. In addition to vitamins and minerals, I also determined the type and amount of sweeteners present. Some other components, e. g. dyes, I could not identify. Either because their amount in the samples is so small that they are below the detection limit for X-ray powder analysis, or they were in an amorphous form.

• Keywords: X-ray powder diffraction, qualitative phase analysis, quantitative phase analysis, vitamins, minerals, tablets