ARPA IN IZOGIBANJE TRČENJA NA MORJU

Štucin, Matej (author), Androjna, Andrej (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi sem preučeval, kakšen vpliv ima naprava za samodejno radarsko vrisovanje (ARPA) na izogibanje trčenja na morju, ter celovitno povzel celoten sistem naprave ARPA. Izogibanje trčenja je ena izmed ključnih nalog častnika na straži in njegova naloga je, da stori vse v svoji moči, da zagotovi varnost pri plovbi. V pomorskem prometu lahko pride do veliko različnih situacij pri katerih nam ARPA lahko olajša odločanje in analizo prometne situacije, vendar pa je od častnika odvisno, ali se drži ustreznih standardov konvencije o mednarodnih pravilih za izogibanje trčenja na morju (COLREG). ARPA nam v veliki meri olajša pridobivanje informacij, ključnih za izogibanje trčenja na morju, zato je poudarjeno poznavanje njegovih funkcij. V določenih situacijah ima ARPA lahko določene slabosti, zato je ključno, da vsak častnik pozna, katere anomalije se lahko pojavijo in kdaj do njih pride. Človeški faktor je glavni vzrok večine nesreč, ki jih nastane na morju. ARPA zmanjšuje možnost napak častnikov, vendar do izuma avtonomnih ladij človeškega faktorja ne moremo popolnoma izničiti. Brez dvoma pa je ARPA sistem z veliko prednostmi, saj v primerjavi s klasičnim radarskim vrisovanjem na manevrske diagrame omogoča veliko večjo natančnost in hitrost pridobivanja podatkov za izogibanje trčenja na morju. Slabosti sistema se ponavadi kažejo s prezanašanjem na napravo. Pomanjklivo znanje o napravi ARPA je najbolj nevarno, zato se poudarja pomen ustreznega izobraževanja častnikov. Razumevanje vektorjev je ključnega pomena za interpretacijo radarske slike in za prepoznavanje nevarnih ciljev, zato je vključen opis klasičnega vrisovanja. Na morju lahko pride do posebnih situacij, kjer imajo določena plovila prednost zaradi shem ločene plovbe, signalizacije, statusa plovila ali drugih dejavnikov. ARPA nam teh oznak in statusa plovil ne prepozna, zato mora častnik sam analizirati, katera COLREG-pravila pridejo v poštev v neki situaciji. Z napravo ARPA lahko le vidimo, kateri cilji predstavljajo nevarnost trčenja. Določanje, kakšna mora biti sprememba gibanja ladje, da zagotovimo ustrezno varnostno razdaljo, pa je precej hitro in enostavno, če častnik ustrezno izkorišča vse funkcije, ki jih omogoča ARPA.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: radar, ARPA, izogibanje trčenja, človeški faktor, radarsko vrisovanje, najbližja točka približevanja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140214
• Publication date in RUL: 13.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: ARPA AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE AT SEA

Abstract

In my diploma thesis, I studied the impact ARPA has on collision avoidance at sea, and comprehensively described the entire ARPA system. Collision avoidance is one of the key duties of a watch officer and it is his job to do everything in his power to ensure safe navigation. In maritime traffic there can be many different situations where ARPA can facilitate our decision making and analysis of traffic situations, but it is up to the officer to take into account the relevant standards of the COLREG conventions. ARPA makes it much easier for us to get key information to avoid collisions at sea, therefore the understanding of its functions is essential. ARPA can have certain weaknesses in certain situations, so it is crucial that every officer knows which anomalies can occur. The human factor is the main cause of many accidents that occur at sea. ARPA the ability to decrease the number of mistakes made by officers, but until the invention of autonomous ships, we cannot completely eliminate the human factor. Undoubtedly, the ARPA system has a great advantage, because compared to classic radar plotting, it enables much greater accuracy and speed of data acquisition for avoiding collisions at sea. Weaknesses of the system are usually manifested by overreliance on the device. Lack of knowledge about ARPA presents risk, so it is very important to conduct proper officer training. Understanding of vectors is crucial for the interpretation of a radar image and to the identification of dangerous targets. For that reason, a description of classic plotting is included. There may be special situations at sea where vessels have way due to separation schemes, signalling, vessel status or other factors. ARPA does not recognize these markings and the status of the vessel, so the officer must analyse which COLREG rules come into play in a given situation. With ARPA, you can only see which targets are at risk of collision. Determining how a ship's motion should change to ensure an adequate safety distance, is fairly quick and easy, as long as the officer makes proper use of all the features made possible by ARPA.

• Keywords: radar, ARPA, collision avoidance, human factor, radar plotting, closest point of approach