Between the 16th and 17th centuries, a shift in scientific philosophy occurs in society. The old paradigm is replaced by a new one, and with it comes a whole series of scientific discoveries and theories that are considered true even in modern science. Due to the desire for new teachings, in Italy and elsewhere in Europe, there is a flourishing of academies that operate independently of the universities of the time, which were strongly influenced by the Church. Rome's Accademia dei Lincei (founded 1603) is considered the first of its kind, as it was limited to the natural sciences from the very beginning. Its founder and sponsor, Federico Cesi, adhered to rigorous admission procedures and rules when accepting new members. Galileo Galilei is considered one of the most influential members, who published his most important works under the leadership of the Academy, which, despite many complications with the Pope and the Inquisition, quickly gained recognition in the entire scientific community around the world. Through its activities, the Academy with Galileo contributed to the renewal of medieval science and at the same time strongly influenced the paradigmatic change.
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