Motnje spanja bolnikov v času zdravljenja na bolnišničnih oddelkih : diplomsko delo

Memidžan, Denisa (author), Bobnar, Albina (mentor), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (reviewer)

Uvod: Spanje ima velik pomen za ohranjanje duševnega in telesnega zdravja. V času bolnišničnega zdravljenja se pri bolnikih velikokrat pojavi slabše spanje in stalen občutek utrujenosti. Pogosto je prisotno tudi slabše razpoloženje in veliko dnevnega počitka, ki le še dodatno vpliva na posameznikovo doživljanje bolnišničnega zdravljenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti moten vzorec spanja bolnikov v času zdravljenja na bolnišničnih oddelkih in ugotoviti najpogostejše moteče dejavnike, ki vplivajo na kakovost spanja. Prav tako je namen predstaviti možne intervencije zdravstvene nege, s katerimi bi medicinske sestre lahko pripomogle k izboljšanju kakovosti spanca v času bolnišničnega zdravljenja. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s sistematičnim pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili časovni okvir od leta 2012 do 2022. Literaturo smo iskali v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Medline/PubMed in s pomočjo Kooperativnega spletnega bibliografskega sistema COBISS.SI. Prav tako smo pri iskanju uporabili literaturo iz referenčnih seznamov. Obdobje iskanja literature je bilo od januarja 2022 do maja 2022. Za analizo rezultatov smo uporabili 7 znanstvenih člankov, ki so ustrezali vključitvenim kriterijem. Rezultati: S pregledom literature smo ugotovili, da imata dobri dve tretjini bolnikov v času bolnišničnega zdravljenja motnje spanja. Na bolnišničnih oddelkih so v veliki meri prisotni moteči dejavniki, ki vplivajo na njihovo kakovost spanja. Najpogostejši so: bolečina, hrup iz okolice (zaradi osebja, drugih bolnikov ali aparatur) in nenehna izpostavljenost svetlobi. Za izboljšanje kakovosti spanja je zato treba pravočasno oceniti in lajšati bolečino, s pomočjo uporabe očesnih mask pa doseči manjšo izpostavljenost stalni svetlobi. Tudi uporaba ušesnih čepkov pripomore ohranjati spanec, saj je manj prebujanj na račun hrupa iz okolja. Razprava in zaključek: V času bolnišničnega zdravljenja imajo bolniki slabšo kakovost spanja, na kar imajo velik vpliv različni moteči dejavniki, ki izvirajo iz bolnišničnega okolja. Glede na to, da ima pomanjkanje spanja vpliv na celoten proces okrevanja in čas trajanja bolnišničnega zdravljenja, je pomembno, da se medicinske sestre zavedajo možnosti intervencij zdravstvene nege, usmerjenih v preprečevanje nastanka motenj spanja. Na ta način lahko v veliki meri pripomorejo k zmanjšanju dejavnikov, ki motijo spanec, in na nefarmakološki način prispevajo k izboljšanju kakovosti spanca bolnikov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, kakovost spanja, moteči dejavniki, intervencije zdravstvene nege
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Memidžan]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 28 str., [3] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-140048
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 120929795
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Disrupted sleep pattern during hospitalization : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep is important for maintaining mental and physical health. During hospitalization, patients often experience poorer sleep and a constant feeling of tiredness. There is also often a low mood and a lot of daytime rest, which only adds to the individual's experience of hospitalization. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to present the disturbed sleep pattern of patients during their treatment in hospital wards and to identify the most common disturbing factors affecting sleep quality. The aim is also to present possible nursing interventions that nurses could use to help improve sleep quality during hospitalization. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present the disturbed sleep pattern of patients during their treatment in hospital wards and to identify the most common disturbing factors affecting sleep quality. It also aims to present possible nursing interventions that nurses could use to help improve sleep quality during hospitalization. Methods: The literature was searched in Slovene and English in the databases CINAHL, Medline/PubMed and the Cooperative Online Bibliographic System COBISS.SI. Literature from reference lists was also used in the search. The critical period of the literature search was from January 2022 to May 2022. 7 scientific articles that met the inclusion criteria were used for the analysis of the results. Results: The literature review found that a good two-thirds of patients have sleep disorders during hospitalization. There are a high prevalence of confounding factors affecting sleep quality on inpatient wards. The most common are: pain, ambient noise (from staff, other patients or machines) and constant exposure to light. To improve sleep quality, it is therefore important to assess and relieve pain in a timely manner and to reduce exposure to constant light through the use of eye masks. The use of earplugs also helps to maintain sleep, as there are fewer awakenings due to environmental noise. Discussion and conclusion: During hospitalization, patients have a poorer quality of sleep, which is greatly influenced by various disturbing factors originating from the hospital environment. Given that sleep deprivation has an impact on the overall recovery process and the length of hospital stay, it is important that nurses are aware of the potential for nursing interventions aimed at preventing sleep disturbances. In this way, they can contribute to a large extent to reducing sleep disturbing factors and contribute to improving the quality of sleep of patients in a non-pharmacological way.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, sleep quality, disturbing factors, nursing interventions