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Uporaba dimetoata v oljkarstvu v boju proti oljčni muhi in njegov vpliv na okolje
ID Devetak, Maja (Author), ID Kalčikova, Gabriela (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Oljkarstvo je v Sredozemlju izredno razvito in kot vsaka kmetijska panoga se spopada z različnimi boleznimi ter paraziti, ki napadajo rastline. Najbolj razširjen škodljivec je oljčna muha (Bactrocera oleae), ki so jo tradicionalno zatirali z dimetoatom. V diplomskem delu sem pregledala literaturo o vplivu dimetoata na okolje in na netarčne organizme v kopenskem in vodnem ekosistemu. Dimetoat je organofosfatni insekticid in deluje predvsem na acetilholin esterazo, ki je eden izmed najpomembnejših živčnih encimov. Zaradi izpostavljenosti temu pesticidu se spremeni aktivnost še nekaterih drugih encimov, kot so na primer karboksilaza, aspartatamino transferaza in alanin transaminaza. Dimetoat vpliva tudi na rast in razmnoževanje številnih organizmov, pri višjih koncentracijah povzroča celo smrt. Zaradi teh negativnih posledic na okolje je bil dimetoat prepovedan v Evropski uniji. Posledično so se v oljkarstvu razvile alternativne metode boja proti oljčni muhi. Nekatere izmed teh še vedno predvidevajo uporabo manj strupenih organofosfatnih insekticidov, ki vseeno negativno učinkujejo na okolje. Zato je pomembno, da se razvija druge metode, ki minimalno vplivajo na okolje.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:dimetoat, ekotoksikologija, inhibicija acetilholin esteraze, oljčna muha, vpliv na ekosistem
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Year:2022
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-139935 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:128476163 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:08.09.2022
Views:1343
Downloads:70
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The use of dimethoate against the olive fruit fly in olive industry and its impact on the environment
Abstract:
Olive-growing and olive oil production are in the Mediterranean area particularly important. Every agricultural discipline has its own problems with pests and infections. In olive-growing is the main pest the olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae). Traditionally the farmers used an organophosphorus insecticide dimethoate. In this diploma thesis, the effects of dimethoate on the environment and on non-target organisms that are living in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are presented. Dimethoate affects the cholinergic nervous system, especially the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. It also affects the activity of different enzymes as carboxylase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase. Dimethoate affects growth, reproduction and cause even death. Because of these negative effects European commission banned dimethoate in 2019. There are other methods that can be used against the olive fruit fly. Some of them uses insecticides, even organophosphates, which are less harmful than dimethoate, but still toxic for non-target organisms. New methods need to be developed with minimal impact on the environment.

Keywords:acetylcholine esterase inhibition, dimethoate, ecotoxicology, impact on ecosystems olive fruit fly

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