Meritve koncentracije radona v delovnem okolju in ukrepi za zmanjšanje škodljivih učinkov radona na zdravje ljudi

Hočevar, Iris (author), Novosel, Barbara (mentor)

V diplomskem delu sem raziskovala izvajanje meritev koncentracij radona v delovnem okolju, vrednotenje rezultatov meritev in ukrepe za zmanjšanje škodljivih učinkov radona na zdravje ljudi. Proučevala sem meritve, ki so bile izvedene v vzgojno-izobraževalnih ustanovah, bolnišnicah, zdravstvenih domovih in v drugih javnih ustanovah. Seznanila sem se z različnimi metodami izvajanja meritev ter ugotovila, da lahko določimo koncentracijo radona na aktivni ali pasivni način. Aktivno vzorčenje poteka preko detektorjev, ki zaznava še druge parametre, s pasivno metodo pa lahko določimo povprečno koncentracijo radona v določenem obdobju. Na voljo so številni merilni instrumenti, ki so lahko za vsakdanjo uporabo in primerni za osnovne meritve ter merilne instrumente, s katerimi lahko določamo tudi druge parametre, časovne intervale ter iščemo vire izhajanja radona. Glede na poročila iz preteklih let, ki jih je za Upravo za varstvo pred sevanji izdeloval Zavod za varstvo pri delu, sem analizirala izvedene meritve v letu 2020. Opravljenih meritev je bilo 343, na 50 različnih lokacijah po Sloveniji. Meritve so bile izvedene v javnih ustanovah, kot so vrtci, osnovne šole, bolnišnice, vojašnica in drugo. Podrobno sem preučila dobljene rezultate meritev, jih primerjala s slovensko zakonodajo ter ugotovila, na koliko različnih mestih so bile presežene mejne vrednosti. Glede na podatke sem lahko ugotovila tudi, ali so bile potrebne sanacije objektov zaradi previsokih koncentracij radona. Analizirala sem tudi, ali so se vrednosti po izvedenih sanacijah zmanjšale, torej sem lahko ugotovila, ali so bile sanacije uspešne. Seznanila sem se tudi z možnimi ukrepi, ki se lahko izvajajo ob morebitni izpostavljenosti radonu. Ukrepi so lahko pravno-upravni ali tehnični, s katerimi želimo zmanjšati učinke radona na zdravje ljudi. Med pravno-upravne ukrepe uvrščamo vso zakonodajo s tega področja, tehnični ukrepi pa predstavljajo vse dodatne omejitve, s katerimi lahko fizično zaščitimo ljudi, ki so izpostavljeni radonu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: radon, radioaktivnost, meritve koncentracije radona, škodljivi učinki radona
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-139926
• COBISS.SI-ID: 128806915
• Publication date in RUL: 08.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Measurements of radon concentrations in the working environment and measures to reduce the adverse effects of radon on human health

Abstract

My bachelor's thesis dealt with the measurement of radon concentrations in the working environment, the evaluation of the measurement results, and measures to reduce the harmful effects of radon on human health. I studied measurements made in educational institutions, hospitals, health centres and other public facilities. I learned about the different measurement methods and found that radon concentration can be determined in an active or passive way. Active sampling is done using detectors that record other parameters, while the passive method can be used to determine the average radon concentration over a period of time. There are a number of measuring instruments available, which can be for daily use and simple measurements, as well as measuring instruments that can be used to determine other parameters, time intervals, and to search for sources of radon emissions. Following previous years' reports prepared by the Radiation Safety Authority by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, I analysed the measurements made in 2020. There were 343 measurements performed in 50 different locations in Slovenia. The measurements were performed in public facilities such as kindergartens, elementary schools, hospitals, military bases and others. I examined the results in detail, compared them with Slovenian legislation and found out how many different measurements exceeded the maximum values. Based on the data, I was also able to determine whether the buildings had to be remediated because of excessive radon concentrations. I then analysed whether radon levels had decreased after the renovations had been carried out, so I could see if the renovations had been successful. I also noted the possible actions in the event of radon exposure. These may be legal, administrative, or technical measures aimed at reducing the impact of radon on human health. Legal-regulatory measures include any legislation in this area, while technical measures are any additional restrictions that can be used to physically protect people exposed to radon.

• Keywords: radon, radioactivity, radon concentration measurements, harmful effects of radon