Funkcionalizacija pletiv s 3D tiskom

Furlan, Tanja (author), Pavko-Čuden, Alenka (mentor), Muck, Deja (comentor)

Tekstilije so materiali z mnogimi uporabnimi lastnostmi, kot so prijeten otip, poroznost, vpojnost, upogibljivost, razteznost, elastičnost. Z izbiro primerne tehnologije izdelave in strukture, tj. z mehansko funkcionalizacijo, je mogoče njihove lastnost vnaprej načrtovati. Dodatno jih je mogoče funkcionalizirati s plemenitilnimi postopki. 3D tisk je nova tehnologija, ki z dodajanjem materiala na izbrano površino ustvari funkcionalne predmete z vnaprej načrtovano geometrijo. 3D tisk na izbrane tekstilne površine odpira nove priložnosti za hitro izdelavo hibridnih, večslojnih struktur z različnimi lastnostmi, ki imajo poleg spremenjene strukture in teksture lahko tudi dodatne lastnosti, npr.: so električno prevodni, imajo na določenih mestih zaradi natiskanih elementov vsiljeno raztegnjeno strukturo, so odpornejši proti obrabi, so na izbranih površinah bolj togi, so na izbranih površinah manj porozni ipd. Pletiva so v primerjavi s tkaninami na splošno bolj raztezna in elastično povratna ter bolj porozna. Raziskave kažejo, da so primeren substrat za 3D tisk. Glavni namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako se s 3D tiskom ob uporabi različnih termoplastičnih polimernih filamentov spremenijo mehanske lastnosti, videz in struktura pletiv. Cilj raziskave je bil preskusiti primernost finih snutkovnih pletiv in votkovnih pletiv s krožnih pletilnikov različne surovinske sestave in strukture za funkcionalizacijo s 3D tiskom ter preskusiti temeljne funkcionalne lastnosti pletiv, funkcionaliziranih s 3D tiskom, v primerjavi z nepotiskanimi pletivi. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je za tisk na pletiva polimerni filament na osnovi termoplastičnega poliuretana TPU primernejši od polimernega filamenta na osnovi polilaktične kisline PLA. S 3D tiskom se zmanjšata zračna prepustnost pletiv in toplotna prevodnost pletiv, saj polimer zapolni pore v pletivu in poveča debelino pletiva. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da so vsa preskušana 3D potiskana pletiva razen votkovnega pletiva iz 100 % bombaža zelo slabo obstojna proti drgnjenju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pletenje, 3D tisk, funkcionalizacija pletiv, PLA polimerni filament, TPU polimerni filament, funkcionalne lastnosti pletiv
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-139776
• Publication date in RUL: 07.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Functionalization of knitted fabrics with 3D print

Abstract

Textiles are materials with many useful properties, such as pleasant touch, porosity, absorbency, flexibility, stretchability, and elasticity. By choosing the appropriate manufacturing technology and structure, i.e. with mechanical functionalization, their properties can be planned. They can be additionally functionalized by finishing processes. 3D printing is a new technology that creates functional objects with a pre-planned geometry by adding material to a selected surface. 3D printing on selected textile surfaces opens up new possibilities for the rapid production of hybrid, multi-layered structures with different properties, which, in addition to the modified structure and texture, can have additional properties. For example, they are electrically conductive, they have an imposed stretched structure due to the printed elements at certain points, they are more wear-resistant, they are more rigid on selected surfaces, they are less porous on selected surfaces, etc. Compared to woven fabrics, knitted fabrics are generally more stretchable, elastic, and porous. The research shows that they are a suitable substrate for 3D printing. The main purpose of the research was to determine how 3D printing with different polymers changes the mechanical properties, appearance, and structure of knitted fabrics. The research aimed to test the suitability of fine warp and circular weft knitted fabrics of different raw material compositions and structures for functionalization with 3D printing and to investigate the basic functional properties of knitted fabrics functionalized by 3D printing compared to unprinted knitted fabrics. TPU polymer filaments were found to be more suitable than PLA polymer filaments for printing on knitted fabrics. 3D printing reduces the air permeability and thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics because the polymer fills the pores in the knitted structure and increases its thickness. It was also found that all 3D printed knitted fabrics tested, except for the 100% cotton weft knitted fabric, had very poor abrasion resistance.

• Keywords: knitting, 3D printing, functionalization of knitted fabrics, PLA polymer filament, TPU polymer filament, functional properties of knitted fabrics