Transplantacija pljuč in zdravstvena nega : diplomsko delo

Jaksetič, Jan (author), Ravljen, Mirjam (mentor), Pajnič, Manca (reviewer)

Uvod: Transplantacija pljuč je uveljavljen način zdravljenja pri pacientih z različnimi oblikami pljučne bolezni, pri katerih možnosti zdravljenja brez transplantacije organa niso bile uspešne. Izbor potencialnih kandidatov za transplantacijo pljuč se opravlja po kriterijih in na način, ki predvidevajo večjo verjetnost za preživetje ter izboljšanje kakovosti življenja tega posameznika. Pri transplantaciji pljuč je pomemben multidisciplinaren pristop, saj le-ta zajema različne vidike predoperativne ocene pacientov in posledično poveča učinkovitost obravnave pacienta. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature predstaviti zdravstveno nego pacienta ob transplantaciji pljuč, podrobno predstaviti obdobje pred transplantacijo pljuč in pooperativno obdobje ter ob tem izpostaviti vlogo medicinske sestre. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela. Opravljen je bil pregled slovenske in tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature. Uporabljena literatura je bila iskana v tujih podatkovnih bazah, kot so Medline, Science Direct, Cinahl, PubMed, v slovenskem bibliografskem sistemu COBISS ter digitalni knjižnici DiKul. V naštetih podatkovnih bazah je bila literatura iskana v dveh jezikih, in sicer v slovenščini in angleščini. Iskana je bila s pomočjo ključnih besed v obeh navedenih jezikih. Rezultati: Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo tako v obdobju pred opravljeno transplantacijo pljuč kot tudi v pooperativnem obdobju. Zdravstvena nega mora biti prilagojena vsakemu posamezniku. Medicinska sestra mora biti seznanjena s pacientovo primarno diagnozo, predoperativnim stanjem, z vrsto opravljene transplantacije in značilnostmi presajenega organa, saj vse našteto vpliva na pravilno izvajanje zdravstvene nege. Razprava in zaključek: Kljub izboljšanju dolgoročnega preživetja po transplantaciji pljuč je za prejemnike pljuč še naprej značilna najvišja stopnja obolevnosti in umrljivosti med vsemi prejemniki trdnih organov. Za dobre rezultate po opravljeni transplantaciji pljuč imata pomembno vlogo pravilna izvedba celovite ocene pacienta in predoperativna priprava. Celovita ocena ne vključuje le ocene fizičnih značilnosti pri pacientu, ampak vključuje tudi več področij psihosocialnega delovanja. Velik problem pri transplantaciji pljuč predstavlja tudi pomanjkanje pljuč. Pacientov na čakalni listi je vse več, medtem ko primernih organov primanjkuje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, transplantacija pljuč, zapleti, medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Jaksetič]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 34 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-139497
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 120217091
• Publication date in RUL: 03.09.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Lung transplantation and nursing : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Lung transplantation is nowadays known as the final treatment option for patients that suffer from progressive or end-stage lung diseases. The selection of potential candidates for lung transplantation is carried out according to criteria and in a way that predicts a higher probability of survival and an improvement in the quality of life of this patient.What is needed for such a complex medical treatment to be successful is a multi-disciplinary approach to a preoperative preparation as well as to postoperative care. Purpose: The diploma thesis aims at reviewing and presenting the scientific literature and insights related to the nursing care of patients undergoing lung transplantation. It specifically focuses on the role of a nurse during the activities of the preoperative preparation and postoperative care. Methods: The descriptive research method was used in order to analyze the addressed topic. The articles and scientific studies related to lung transplantation were retrieved from various databases (Medline, Science Direct, Cinahl, PubMed) and online bibliographic systems (COBISS, DKul). Keyword searching in the English as well as in the Slovene language was the main approach used for information retrieval. Results: The role of a nurse in preoperative preparations as well as in the activities of postoperative care is crucial for the treatment to be successful. The nursing care procedures must be adjusted to individuals’ needs. It is also important for nurses to be informed about patients’ diagnosis, preoperative evaluation, and characteristics of specific organ transplantation. Discussion and conclusion: Although lung transplantation represents an effective treatment option that can improve patint’s quality of life, a particularly high mortality and morbidity rate is still noticeable among lung transplants receivers. Various components of treatment and a variety of nursing procedures have to be planned and undertaken in order to ensure further medical improvements and positive outcome. It is also important to plan and perform an effective patient assessment that includes assessment of a patient’s general appearance, physical exams and psychological assessment, too. Although the quality of transplantation procedures has improved over time, there are still issues related to early and late complications, waiting lists and reduction in numbers of appropriate and willing donors.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, lung transplantation, complications, nurses