Ethereum, pametne pogodbe in oraklji : delo diplomskega seminarja

Sternad, Jure (author), Orbanić, Alen (mentor)

V prvem delu diplomskega dela je predstavljena platforma Ethereum. Ethereum je decentralizirana računalniška infrastruktura, namenjena zaganjanju programov, imenovanih pametne pogodbe. Izpostavljene in razložene so glavne komponente omrežja oz. bločne verige. Prav tako je opisano kriptografsko ozadje delovanja omrežja. Bolj podrobno je razložen programski jezik za pisanje pogodb, Solidity. Orisane so aplikacije, ki za svoje delovanje uporabljajo pametne pogodbe, imenovane decentralizirane aplikacije oz. dApps. Predstavljeni so oraklji, to so sistemi, ki v bločno verigo vnesejo podatke izven verige, in izpostavljen je problem decentraliziranosti orakljev. Opisana in matematično formulirana je rešitev omrežja Flare, orakelj FTSO. Drugi del naloge opisuje razvoj pametne pogodbe SimpleOracle ter izpostavlja bistvene dele pogodbe. Priložena so tudi navodila za vzpostavitev delovnega okolja za pisanje pametnih pogodb ter razložena uporaba nekaterih orodij.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: decentralizirana omrežja, bločne verige, Ethereum, pametne pogodbe, Solidity, decentralizirane aplikacije, oraklji, Flare
• Work type: Final seminar paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138825
• UDC: 004
• COBISS.SI-ID: 118723843
• Publication date in RUL: 21.08.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Ethereum, smart contracts and oracles

Abstract

The first part of the thesis describes the Ethereum platform. Ethereum is a decentralized computer infrastructure for executing programs called smart contracts. The main components of the blockchain are outlined and characterized. There is also cryptographic background of the network explained. The programming language for smart contracts, Solidity, is explained in a bit more detailed manner. Decentralized applications (applications that use smart contracts technology) are described. Systems that provide the blockchain with data from the outside of the chain, oracles, are presented and the decentralized oracle problem is defined. Flare network's FTSO oracle is presented together with relevant mathematical formulations. The second part of the thesis details the implementation of smart contract SimpleOracle and outlines the main parts of the contract. Instructions for setting up the work environment are provided, and the use of some tools is demonstrated.

• Keywords: decentralized networks, blockchains, Ethereum, smart contracts, Solidity, decentralized applications, oracles, Flare