Povezava med maščobno kislinsko sestavo humanega mleka in rastjo ter telesno sestavo otrok iz študije Moje-mleko

Kovačič, Sara (author), Rogelj, Irena (mentor), Benedik, Evgen (comentor)

Cilj naloge je bil proučiti vpliv maščobnokislinske (MK) sestave humanega mleka (HM) na parametre rasti in telesno sestavo otrok od rojstva do sedmega leta starosti. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 106 parov mati-otrok iz študije Moje-mleko. Vsebnost maščob v HM, vzorčenem povprečno 30. dan laktacije, se je gibala od 1,55 % do 6,98 %, vsebnost nasičenih maščob od 33,17 % do 57,38 %, nenasičenih od 8,51 % do 51,97 % in razmerje omega-6/omega-3 (ω-6/ω-3) MK od 3,01 do 25,44. Statistično značilno pozitivno povezavo smo ugotovili med deležem enkrat nenasičenih MK in otrokovo dolžino pri 3 mesecih (p = 0,038) ter mineralno kostno gostoto pri 7 letih (p = 0,045), negativno povezavo pa med deležem ω-6 MK in dolžino pri 12 mesecih (p = 0,020), deležem skupnih maščob v HM in mineralno kostno gostoto pri 3 mesecih (p = 0,030), ter med razmerjem ω-6/ω-3 MK in dolžino pri 12 mesecih (p = 0,002). Razmerje ω-6/ω-3 MK je bilo v pozitivni povezavi z ITM pri 7 letih starosti (p = 0,022). Med dolgoverižnimi večkrat nenasičenimi MK (LCPUFA) - eikozapentaenojsko (EPK), dokozaheksaenojsko (DHK) in arahidonsko (ARK) kislino v humanem mleku ter posameznimi značilnostmi otrok, je po številu povezav najbolj izstopala prav ARK, ki je bila največkrat v korelaciji s parametri rasti. Dobljeni rezultati so prikazali vpliv HM na parametre rasti in telesno sestavo otrok in so dobro izhodišče za ukrepe ozaveščanja o pomembnosti dojenja na nacionalni in svetovni ravni –WHO/UNICEF.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: maščobne kisline, humano mleko, maščobnokislinska sestava, otroci, rast otrok, razvoj otrok, telesna sestava
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Kovačič]
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138335
• UDC: 612.664.1:613.287.1:543.635.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 115706115
• Publication date in RUL: 16.07.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The relationship between the fatty acid composition of human milk and growth and body composition of children from the My-milk-study

Abstract

The aim of the master thesis was to study the fatty acid (FA) composition of human milk (HM) from the study My-milk and to assess the relationship between the FA composition of HM and the growth and body composition of children from birth to seven years of age. In the study were included 106 mother-child pairs from the My-milk study. The fat content of milk sampled on average on the day 30 of lactation ranged from 1.55% to 6.98%, saturated fat content from 33.17% to 57,38%, unsaturated from 8.51% to 51.97% and an omega-6/omega-3 ratio (ω-6/ω-3) from 3.01 to 25.44. We found a statistically significant positive association between the content of monounsaturated FA and the length of the child at 3 months (p = 0.038) and bone mineral density at 7 years (p = 0.045), a negative association between the content of ω-6 FA and length at 12 months (p = 0.020), between the content of total fat in HM and bone mineral density at 3 months (p = 0.030) and between the ω-6/ω-3 ratio and length at 12 months (p = 0.002). The ω-6/ω-3 ratio was positively associated with BMI at 7 years of age (p = 0.022). Among the long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LCPUFA) - eicosapentaenoic (EPK), docosahexaenoic (DHK) and arachidonic (ARK) acid in human milk and individual characteristics of children, the most prominent was ARK, which was most often correlated with growth parameters. The results showed the influence of HM on the growth parameters and body composition of children and are a good starting point for awareness-raising measures on the importance of breastfeeding at the national level.

• Keywords: fatty acids, human milk, fatty acid composition, children, growth, development, body composition