Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of balance specific exercise combined with cognitive tasks and the effect of specific lower limb muscle strengthening exercise on balance and walking speed. Another aim of this study was to determine which training is more effective for improving balance. Methods: Our study included 22 participants. Group 1 completed balance training combined with various cognitive tasks, while Group 2 completed lower limb muscle strengthening. The Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go Test, the Timed Up and Go Test combined with a cognitive task, the Ten Meter Walk Test, and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test were used to assess balance and walking speed. Results: Group 1 improved their scores on the Berg Balance Scale (by 4 points), the Timed Up and Go Test (by 1.2 s), and the Timed Up and Go Test combined with a cognitive task (by 1.2 s). Group 2 improved their scores on the Berg Balance Scale (by 4 points) and the Timed Up and Go Test (by 1.4 s). In addition, when comparing the two groups, we did not find a significant difference in the results obtained. Conclusions: No statistically significant difference was found when comparing the two protocols. Therefore, it cannot be claimed that a particular type of training performed has a greater impact on balance and walking speed in older adults than others.
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