Socialne spretnosti mladostnikov s spektroavtistično motnjo : diplomsko delo

Levar, Tamara (author), Galof, Katarina (mentor), Bratun, Urša (reviewer)

Uvod: Spektroavtisitčne motnje so skupina hitro naraščajočih razvojno nevroloških motenj, ki se kažejo s pomembnim primanjkljajem na področju socialnih spretnosti in s prisotnostjo omejenih in ponavljajočih se stereotipnih vzorcev vedenja in interesov. Mladostniki s spektroavtistično motnjo imajo težave pri interakcijah z vrstniki, pri sodelovanju, komunikaciji in posledično tudi pri izobraževanju in pri iskanju zaposlitve. Dostikrat te težave mladostnika vodijo v izolacijo, v nizko samospoštovanje, anksioznost, depresijo in brezposelnost. Delovnoterapevtske intervencije za izboljšanje socialnih spretnosti pri mladostnikih s spektroavtistično motnjo so pomembne, vendar je pomanjkanje s prakso podprtih dokazov na tem področju precej problematično. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti kakšne vrste intervencij uporabljajo delovni terapevti pri mladostnikih s spektroavtistično motnjo za izboljšanje socialnih spretnosti in kaj je za te intervencije značilno. Metode dela: Izveden je bil splošen pregled literature, predstavljen s pomočjo PRISMA diagrama. Iskanje študij je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Web of Science, OTseeker in COBISS. Iskalna formula v angleškem jeziku je bila: ((occupation* or occupational therap* or OT) AND (autism or autism spectrum disorder or ASD or asperger*) AND (youth or adolescent* or teenager* or »young adult*«) AND (social* or social skill* or social interaction*)). V slovenskem jeziku smo uporabili iskalno formulo: ((delovna terapija ali delovni terapevt*) IN (avtizem ali spektroavtistična motnja)). Po iskanju smo dobili 10 člankov, ki smo jih vključili v končno analizo. Rezultati: Pri tematski kvalitativni analizi smo iz člankov izluščili teme in podteme. Glavne teme so bile vrste intervencij, značilnosti intervencij in rezultati intervencij. Kot podteme smo oblikovali intervencije s pomočjo tehnologije, igro vlog, intervencije temelječe na teoriji uma in intervencije temelječe na teoriji zrcalnih nevronov; na mladostnika osredotočene intervencije in skupinske intervencije; prepoznavanje čustev pri drugih ljudeh, izboljšanje neverbalne komunikacije in izboljšanje verbalne komunikacije. Razprava in zaključek: Uspešne delovnoterapevtske intervencije za izboljšanje socialnih spretnosti pri mladostnikih s SAM temeljijo na igri vlog z elementi motoričnih spretnosti, na tehnologiji, ki mladostnike dodatno motivira in na znanju o teoriji uma. Čeprav imajo delovni terapevti dosti znanja in potenciala na tem področju, se intervencije pogosteje izvajajo s strani drugih strok.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, Aspergerjev sindrom, avtizem, komunikacija, socialna interakcija, obravnava
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Levar]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 29 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138098
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 114851843
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2022

LEVAR, Tamara, 2022, Socialne spretnosti mladostnikov s spektroavtistično motnjo : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : T. Levar. [Accessed 1 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=138098

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Social skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders are a group of rapidly growing neurodevelopmental disorders, manifested by significant deficits in social skills and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder have difficulties with peer interaction, cooperation, communication and as a result, in education and employment. These problems often lead to isolation, low self-esteem, anxiety, depression and unemployment. Occupational therapy interventions that improve social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are important, but the lack of practice-based evidence in this area is quite problematic. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work is to identify what type of interventions occupational therapists use in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder to improve their social skills and what are characteristics of these interventions. Methods: We performed a scoping literature review, presented by PRISMA diagram. We searched for articles in the following databases: CINAHL, Web of Science, OTseeker and COBISS. The searching strategy in English was: occupation* or occupational therap* or OT and autism or autism spectrum disorder or ASD or asperger* and youth or adolescent* or teenager* or »young adult*« and social* or social skill* or social interaction*. In Slovenian we used keywords: delovna terapija ali delovni terapevt* in avtizem ali spektroavtistična motnja. 10 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: The thematic qualitative analysis extracted themes and sub-themes. The main themes were types of interventions, in sub-themes we found interventions using technology, role-playing, theory of mind based interventions and mirror neuron based interventions; characteristics of interventions, the sub-themes were a client-centered interventions and group interventions; and the results of interventions, the sub-themes were recognising emotions in other people, improving nonverbal communication and improving verbal communication. Discussion and conclusion: Successful occupational therapy interventions to improve social skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are based on role-playing with element of motor skills, technology to further motivate adolescents and knowledge of theory of mind. Although occupational therapists have a lot of knowledge and potential in this field, these kind of interventions are more often performed by other professions.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, Asperger's syndrome, autism, communication, social interaction, treatment