Razumevanje in izražanje besed pri otrocih od 24. do 47. meseca

Traven, Katja (author), Kogovšek, Damjana (mentor), Novšak Brce, Jerneja (comentor)

Razvoj besedišča predstavlja zelo pomemben del v razvoju otrokovega jezika. Največje spremembe na tem področju se dogajajo v prvih letih otrokovega življenja, zato se bomo v raziskavi osredotočili na otroke med drugim in četrtim letom starosti. Ob četrtem letu otroci uspejo izgovoriti povprečno 1000 besed. Široko besedišče pa tudi omogoča, da otroci iz več besed tvorijo povedi. Raziskovalci so namreč ugotovili, da je močnejša korelacija med širino besedišča in povezovanjem besed v povedi kot pa starostjo otroka in povezovanjem besed v povedi. Štiriletniki v večini uspejo izgovoriti že vse glasove, razen šumnikov in /r/, prav tako se v njihovem govoru pojavlja manj poenostavljanj besed. Posledično je njihov govor bolje razumljiv tudi za nepoznane ljudi. Ne smemo pa pozabiti, da na besedišče vplivajo tudi mnogi okoljski in genetski dejavniki ter tudi morebitne posebne potrebe otrok. Naša raziskava se je ukvarjala z besediščem otrok v starosti med 24 in 47 mesecev. Cilj naše raziskave je bilo analiziranje rezultatov, ki so jih otroci dosegli na področju razumevanja in izražanja besed. Zanimalo nas je tudi, kako uspešni so bili otroci pri razumevanju in izražanju samostalnikov in glagolov ter če obstajajo razlike med dečki in deklicami. V empiričnem delu smo s pomočjo prvih treh nalog Nove Reynellove razvojne jezikovne lestvice (NRDLS-SI) analizirali rezultate 11 otrok (štirih dečkov in sedmih deklic) z značilnim govorno-jezikovnim razvojem. Raziskava je pokazala, da obstajajo statistično pomembne razlike med rezultati otrok na testih razumevanja besed in izražanja besed. Prav tako smo ugotovili statistično pomembne razlike na testu razumevanja in izražanja samostalnikov in glagolov, kar pomeni, da se v govoru otrok med drugim in četrtim letom pojavlja več samostalnikov kot pa glagolov. Preverjali smo še vpliv spola na besedišče in ugotovili manjše razlike med spoloma (predvsem pri izražanju). Deklice so dosegle malo višje rezultate, kot dečki, a razlika med spoloma ni bila statistično pomembna.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: besedišče
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-138034
• COBISS.SI-ID: 114147075
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Word comprehension and expression in children from 24 to 47 months

Abstract

Vocabulary development is a very important part of a child's language development process. In this regard, the biggest changes occur in the first years of the child's life, which is why focus on children aged between 2 and 4 in this survey. By the fourth year, however, children manage to pronounce an average of 1,000 words. Having a wider vocabulary allows children to form sentences with more words. As a matter of fact, researchers have found a stronger correlation between the breadth of vocabulary and connecting words into sentences than between the age of the child and connecting words into sentences. Most four-year-olds are able to pronounce all of the sounds, except for sibilants and /r/, and fewer simplifications of words can be perceived in their speech. Their speech is better understood even by people they do not know. Nevertheless, one ought to remember that vocabulary is influenced by a variety of environmental and genetic factors, as well as any special needs children might have. Our research dealt with the vocabulary of children aged between 24 and 47 months. The aim of our research was to analyze the results achieved by children in the field of word comprehension and in the field of word production. We were also interested in how successful children were in understanding and expressing nouns and verbs and if there were differences between boys and girls. In the empirical part, we used the first three tasks of the New Reynell Developmental Language Scale (NRDLS-SI) to analyze the results of 11 children (four boys and seven girls) with regular speech and language development. The survey showed there were statistically significant differences between the children's scores on tests of language comprehension and language production. We also found statistically significant differences on the test of comprehension and expression of nouns and verbs, which means that more nouns than verbs appear in the speech of children between the ages of two and four. We also examined the influence of gender on vocabulary development and found some minor gender differences between the sexes (especially in language production). Girls scored slightly higher than boys, but the gender difference was not statistically significant.

• Keywords: vocabulary