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Adaptive radiation of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and its contribution to the diversity of Dinaric subterranean fauna
ID Borko, Špela (Author), ID Fišer, Cene (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Speciation and dispersal are among key processes that drive biodiversity. Adaptive radiation (AR), a monophyletic species proliferation accompanied by ecological diversification, may be generating much of Earth’s biodiversity, but it has never been tested in subterranean environment. We reconstructed deep evolutionary history of amphipods. Next, we comprehensively analysed the speciation and ecomorphological diversification of the subterranean genus Niphargus, on continental scale, within a subterranean hotspot, and within one community. Amphipods evolved in several diversification pulses that correspond to ecological opportunities. Niphargus followed the course of AR that unfolded in the time of emerging mountain ranges. Several clades independently radiated, adaptively and nonadaptively. The clades adapted to distinct sets of adaptive optima with limited convergence. The speciation and dispersal contributed differently within the Dinarides. The diversity of the south-eastern Dinarides emerged mostly through local diversification of several clades. They acted as a donor area. The north-western hotspot arose through a combination of dispersal and local diversification. Although the general patterns support the AR hypothesis, explicit tests for ecological speciation are lacking. A community in Melissotrypa Cave is a potential case of ecological speciation of Niphargus. AR is thus a universal phenomenon, present also in subterranean environment, but more research is needed to understand the contribution of different processes to biodiversity, especially on microevolutionary level.

Language:English
Keywords:evolutionary radiations, subterranean, Niphargus, the Dinarides, phylogenetics, biodiversity
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Place of publishing:Ljubljana
Publisher:[Š. Borko]
Year:2022
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-137591 This link opens in a new window
UDC:575.8:551.44:595.371(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:119936771 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:23.06.2022
Views:961
Downloads:203
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Adaptivna radiacija slepih postranic (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargus) in njen prispevek k pestrosti dinarske podzemne favne
Abstract:
Speciacija in disperzija sta ključna procesa, ki poganjata biotsko pestrost. Adaptivna radiacija (AR), hitro vznikanje vrst iz skupnega prednika, pospremljeno z ekološko diverzifikacijo, bi lahko bila ključen proces nastanka biotske pestrosti na Zemlji, a še ni bila testirana v podzemlju. Najprej smo rekonstruirali globoko evolucijsko zgodovino postranic. Nato smo celovito analizirali vzorce speciacije in ekomorfološke diverzifikacije slepih postranic iz rodu Niphargus, na kontinentalnem nivoju, znotraj vroče točke podzemne biotske pestrosti in znotraj ene združbe. Postranice so se razvile v več diverzifikacijskih pulzih, ki sovpadajo z ekološkimi priložnostmi. Slepe postranice so diverzificirale v procesu AR, na območju dvigajočih se kraških gorstev. Več kladov je neodvisno radiiralo, adaptivno in neadaptivno. Čeprav deloma konvergirajo, so se prilagodili na različne adaptivne optimume. Prispevek speciacije in disperzije se vzdolž Dinaridov spreminja. Biotska pestrost jugovzhodnih Dinaridov je večinoma posledica lokalne diverzifikacije več kladov in deluje kot prispevno območje vrst. Severozahodna vroča točka pa je posledica kompleksne kombinacije disperzije in lokalne diverzifikacije. Čeprav splošni vzorci pritrjujejo hipotezi AR, pa ekološka speciacija še ni bila primerno testirana. Združba slepih postranic v jami Melissotrypa bi lahko predstavljala primer ekološke speciacije. AR je tako univerzalni fenomen, prisoten tudi v podzemlju. Za razumevanje prispevka različnih procesov, še posebej na mikroevolucijskem nivoju, pa bodo potrebne dodatne raziskave.

Keywords:Evolucijske radiacije, Niphargus, podzemlje, Dinaridi, filogenije, biodiverziteta

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