Obremenjenost neformalnih skrbnikov oseb po možganski kapi : diplomsko delo

Abramič, Iza (author), Plemelj Mohorič, Alenka (mentor), Sicherl, Zorana (reviewer)

Uvod: Možganska kap je kronična bolezen, opredeljena kot skupek simptomov in znakov, ki nastanejo kot posledica žariščne poškodbe centralnega živčevja. Je eden izmed vodilnih vzrokov invalidnosti po svetu, saj preživelim pusti spremembe na telesnem, miselnem, motivacijskem, čustvenem in vedenjskem področju, zaradi česar v nadaljnjem življenju pogosto potrebujejo pomoč. To jim v domačem okolju nudijo neformalni skrbniki, najpogosteje družinski člani, ki pa za to niso ustrezno izobraženi. Ker je oskrba dolgotrajna in psihično ter fizično naporna, so skrbniki izpostavljeni obremenjenosti, kar negativno vpliva na njihovo življenje. Namen: Namen pregleda literature je prikazati obremenjenost neformalnih skrbnikov pri oskrbi oseb po možganski kapi, identificirati dejavnike obremenjenost in preučiti, kako se obremenjenost z oskrbo povezuje z življenjem skrbnikov. Metode dela: Opravljen je bil sistematični pregled literature po modelu PRISMA. Za iskanje člankov smo uporabili podatkovne baze PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL in OTseeker. Vključili smo raziskave, ki so objavljene v polnem dostopu in napisane v angleškem jeziku ter obravnavajo neformalne skrbnike oseb po MK, ocenjujejo njihovo obremenjenost in dejavnike tveganja obremenjenosti. Iskanja nismo časovno omejili. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 12 člankov, objavljenih med letoma 2005 in 2020. V raziskavah je sodelovalo med 70 in 232 preiskovancev, ki so bili v povprečju stari med 53,5 in 65,7 let ter večinoma ženskega spola. Najpogosteje so skrbeli za zakonca ali partnerja ter oskrbovalnim nalogam v povprečju namenili med šest in štirinajst ur dnevno. V vseh raziskavah so bili skrbniki zmerno obremenjeni, na stopnjo obremenjenosti pa so vplivali tako individualni dejavniki skrbnika, čas oskrbovanja in občutek skladnosti kot funkcijsko, kognitivno in emocionalno stanje osebe po MK. Razprava in zaključek: Skrbniki zaradi obremenjenosti z oskrbo navajajo slabše zdravstveno in emocionalno stanje, pomanjkanje časa zase, splošno slabo počutje in upad kakovosti življenja. Na stopnjo obremenjenosti lahko zdravstveni delavci vplivajo z informiranjem o bolezni in njenih posledicah, svetovanjem, profesionalno podporo in usposabljanjem skrbnikov. V pomoč so jim lahko tudi delovni terapevti, ki preko edukacije, svetovanja o uporabi pripomočkov ter z adaptacijo domačega okolja osebe po MK pripravijo na večjo samostojnost, skrbnike pa razbremenijo in jim nudijo podporo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, oskrba, breme oskrbe, cerebrovaskularna bolezen, svojci
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [I. Abramič]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 32 str., [5] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137437
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 112011779
• Publication date in RUL: 17.06.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Burden of informal caregivers of stroke patients : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is a chronic disease, consisting of a cluster of symptoms and signs that emerge as a consequence to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system. It is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, leaving survivors with severe physical, cognitive, motivational, emotional and behavioural consequences. The patients therefore often need help in daily life. Help in informal environment is carried out by informal caregivers, usually family members of the stroke patient, who have no prior education in caregiving. Because taking care of a stroke patient is a long-term job and can be physically demanding, caregivers often experience burden, which negatively affects their life. Purpose: The purpose of our literature review was to investigate burden of informal caregivers of stroke patients, identify the factors that contribute to caregiver burden and to analyze how the burden influences caregivers’ life. Methods: We used a systematic review of literature following the PRISMA model. PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL and OTseeker databases were searched. We included articles published in English language, available in full text, that discussed informal caregivers of stroke patients, evaluated the level of burden they experience and determined caregiver burden factors. We did not set a publication date limit. Results: 12 articles were included in the final analysis, published between 2005 and 2020. The number of participants ranged between 70 and 232, their average age was 53,5 to 65,7 years old and most of them were female. They most frequently took care of their spouse or partner and spent between six to fourteen hours daily performing caregiving tasks. Feeling of moderate burden was found in all articles. The factors that contributed to the level of caregiver burden were personal factors from the caregiver, time spent caregiving, sense of coherence and functional, cognitive and emotional status of the patient. Discussion and conclusion: Due to burden caregivers experienced poor physical and mental health status, less time for themselves, general feeling of being unwell and lower quality of life. The level of burden can be managed by informing caregivers about the disease, counselling, professional support and caregiver training. Occupational therapist can help them with education and information about aids and home adaptation, making the patients more independent, which relieves the caregivers.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, caregiving, strain, cerebrovascular accident, family member