Otroci brez spremstva in skrbništvo v Sloveniji

Zgonc, Urška (author), Razpotnik, Špela (mentor)

Migracije so v človeški zgodovini stalnica, a število migrantov in beguncev še nikoli ni bilo višje in se iz leta v leto povečuje. Med njimi so pogosto spregledani otroci brez spremstva. To so otroci, ki so v tujo državo prišli ločeni od obeh staršev in brez odraslega, ki bi mu lahko zaupali. Predstavljajo še posebej ranljivo skupino. Po zakonodaji ima otrok brez spremstva pravico do skrbnika, ki ščiti njegove pravice in največjo korist. Magistrsko delo obravnava skrbniški sistem za otroke brez spremstva v Sloveniji in raziskuje, kako ga doživljajo otroci brez spremstva ter njihovi skrbniki in zakoniti zastopniki. Teoretični del vsebuje razlago pogosto uporabljenih pojmov, opredelitev teorij mednarodnih migracij in njihovih značilnosti ter opis azilne politike Evropske unije. Predstavi otroke brez spremstva, poudari njihovo ranljivost ter odpornost, opiše njihovo obravnavo in življenje v Sloveniji ter skrbniški sistem. Empirični del raziskuje, kako so realizirane pravice otrok brez spremstva in kakšna je pri tem vloga njihovih skrbnikov oz. zakonitih zastopnikov ter kakšen medsebojni odnos razvijejo otroci brez spremstva s svojimi skrbniki in zakonitimi zastopniki. Ugotavlja tudi, kakšna znanja in sposobnosti imajo skrbniki in zakoniti zastopniki za opravljanje svoje funkcije, kako presojajo največjo korist otrok ter kakšne so njihove potrebe ter potrebe otrok brez spremstva. V magistrskem delu je uporabljen kvalitativni raziskovalni pristop. Podatki so zbrani s pomočjo polstrukturiranih intervjujev. Vzorec predstavljajo trije otroci brez spremstva in tri osebe, ki opravljajo funkcijo skrbnika in/ali zakonitega zastopnika. Podatki so bili obdelani s postopkom kodiranja. Delo prispeva celostno predstavitev, kako skrbniški sistem za otroke brez spremstva deluje v praksi. Ugotovitve so pomembne, ker vključujejo tako perspektivo otrok brez spremstva kot tudi perspektivo skrbnikov in zakonitih zastopnikov. Delo navaja tudi nepravilnosti, ki morajo biti odpravljene, ter potrebe skrbnikov in otrok, ki so hkrati predlogi za izboljšanje trenutnega sistema.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: otroci brez spremstva
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-137004
• COBISS.SI-ID: 109311747
• Publication date in RUL: 16.06.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Unaccompanied children and guardianship system in Slovenia

Abstract

Migration is a constant in human history, but the number of migrants and refugees has never been higher and is increasing year by year. Among them, unaccompanied children are often overlooked. These are children who have arrived in a foreign country separated from both parents and without an adult they can trust. They represent a particularly vulnerable group. Under the law, an unaccompanied child has the right to a guardian who protects his or her rights and best interests. The Master's thesis focuses on the guardianship system for unaccompanied children in Slovenia and explores how it is experienced by unaccompanied children and their guardians and legal representatives. The theoretical part explains commonly used terms, defines theories of international migration and their characteristics, and describes the European Union's asylum policy. It also introduces unaccompanied children, highlights their vulnerability and resilience, describes their treatment and life in Slovenia, and the guardianship system. The empirical part investigates how the rights of unaccompanied children are realised and what is the role of their guardians or legal representatives in this aspect and the quality of relationship between unaccompanied children and their guardians and legal representatives. It also determines what knowledge and skills guardians and legal representatives have to perform their function, how they assess the best interests of children and what are their needs and needs of unaccompanied children. A qualitative research approach is used. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The sample consists of three unaccompanied children and three persons acting as guardian and/or legal representative. The data were processed using a coding procedure. The work contributes to a comprehensive presentation of how the guardianship system for unaccompanied children works in practice. The findings are important because they include the perspective of unaccompanied children as well as that of guardians and legal representatives. The work also identifies anomalies that need to be corrected and the needs of guardians and children, which are also suggestions for improving the current system.

• Keywords: unaccompanied children