Kakovost življenja starejših oseb v sobivanjski skupnosti in vloga delovne terapije : diplomsko delo

Žerovnik, Polona (author), Mihevc, Špela (mentor), Sicherl, Zorana (reviewer)

Uvod: Število starejših oseb v Sloveniji in svetu vztrajno raste. Na kakovost njihovega življenja vpliva več dejavnikov, med katerimi so tudi bivanjske razmere. Te pogosto negativno vplivajo na kakovost življenja starejših in njihovih svojcev. Sobivanjske skupnosti so v Sloveniji manj poznana oblika bivanja, v nekaterih državah pa je ta oblika bivanja že uveljavljena in raziskovana. Del raziskovanja je usmerjen tudi v kakovost življenja starejših, ki živijo v njih. Literature, ki bi preučevala vključevanje delovnih terapevtov v sobivanjske skupnosti, je malo. Namen: Želeli smo predstaviti, kakšna je kakovost življenja starejših v sobivanjski skupnosti, in poiskati priložnosti, kako se v sobivanjske skupnosti lahko vključuje delovni terapevt. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled literature, znotraj katerega smo naredili tematsko analizo izbranih raziskav. Literaturo smo iskali v elektronskih bazah: Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline in ProQuest ter z ročnim pregledovanjem referenc. Iskali smo s ključnimi besedami: »sobivanje«, »kakovost življenja«, »starejši« in »delovna terapija«. V analizo smo vključili zadetke, ki so bili objavljeni med letoma 2012 in 2022, so napisani v slovenskem ali angleškem jeziku in proučujejo kakovost življenja starejših oseb v sobivanjskih skupnostih in vlogo delovne terapije v sobivanjskih skupnostih. Rezultati: V tematsko analizo je bilo vključenih 10 raziskav. Od tega je bila pri 3 uporabljena kvalitativna metoda, pri 1 kvantitativna, pri 4 mešana, v 2 pa je bil izveden pregled literature. Iz sinteze rezultatov sta izšli temi »Dejavniki, ki se pojavljajo v sobivanjskih skupnostih in vplivajo na kakovost življenja starejših« in »Ohranjanje okupacijske kompetence starejših v sobivanjski skupnosti«, ki smo ju naprej razdelili na podteme. Razprava in zaključek: Pregled literature je pokazal, da se v SoSk pojavlja več dejavnikov, ki pozitivno vplivajo na kakovost življenja starejših. Najpogosteje so izpostavljeni socialni odnosi, avtonomija, duševno zdravje in prilagojeno okolje. Našteti dejavniki vplivajo drug na drugega in so med seboj prepleteni. Delovni terapevti bi se v sobivanjske skupnosti lahko vključevali pri zasnovi, kjer bi s svojim znanjem o univerzalnem oblikovanju prispevali k bolj dostopnemu okolju za vse stanovalce v sobivanjski skupnosti. Poleg tega bi delovni terapevti lahko sodelovali pri edukaciji starejših in njihovih svojcev o sobivanjskih skupnostih, in sicer kot alternativni obliki bivanja. Potreba po edukaciji pa se je pokazala tudi znotraj sobivanjskih skupnosti, kjer starejši potrebujejo pomoč pri reševanju konfliktov. V sobivanjske skupnosti pa bi se delovni terapevti lahko vključevali tudi kot del dodatne zdravstvene pomoči, kjer bi s svojim delom prispevali k ohranjanju čim večje samostojnosti starejših. Potrebne so raziskave o neposredni povezavi med kakovostjo življenja in življenjem v sobivanjski skupnosti, raziskave o sobivanjskih skupnostih v Sloveniji ter o vključevanju delovnih terapevtov v sobivanjskih skupnostih starejših.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, sobivanje starejših, delovni terapevti, kakovost življenja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [P. Žerovnik]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 32 str., [4] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136970
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 109405699
• Publication date in RUL: 27.05.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Quality of life of elderly in cohousing communities and the role of occupational therapy : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The number of elderly in Slovenia and in the world is constantly increasing. There are many factors which can affect elderly's quality of life. Among them are living conditions, which often negatively affect the quality of life of the elderly and their relatives. Senior cohousing communities are a realitvely unknown type of residence in Slovenia, while they are wide spread in some other European countries. Consequently, not many researches have been made on the topic of the quality of life of the elderly in senior cohousing communities. On the other hand, hardly any researches have been made on the role of occupational therapists in senior cohousing communities. Purpose: To present the quality of life of the elderly in cohousing communities and to find the possibilities for occupational therapists to integrate into senior cohousing communities. Methods: A literature review has been performed, followed by a thematic analysis of the topic of the quality of life of the elderly in senior cohousing communities and what would be the role of occupational therapist. We searched for the literature in 4 online databases: Web of Science, CINAHL, Medline in ProQuest and by manually looking through the references. The search was conducted with different combinations of the following keywords: »senior cohousing«, »quality of life«, »occupational therapy« and »elderly«. In the thematic analysis we included literature, published between years 2012 and 2022, which was written in English or Slovene and was researching the quality of life of the elderly in cohousing communities and the role of occupational therapy there. Results: 10 articles were included in the thematic analysis. Themes that emerged from the analysis are »factors that could be found in senior cohousing communities and affect elderly's quality of life« and »elderly's maintaing of occupational competence in senior cohousing communities«. The two themes were divided into subthemes. Discussion and conclusion: In cohousing communities there are many factors that can affect seniors' quality of life. The most often present in the literature are social relationship, autonomy, mental health and environment. The exposed factors are closely connected and affect each other. Occupational therapists could get involved into cohousing communities when they are being designed. They could help with the knowledge of universal design. Also, occupational therapists could educate elderly on the ways of resolving conflicts and also inform them of cohousing community residence option. In addition, occupational therapists could be a part of additional health care, which is sometimes needed in senior cohousing communities. More research should be done of quality of life related to living in the senior cohousing communities, on the senior cohousing in Slovenia and on the role of occupational therapists in cohousing communities.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, senior cohousing, occupational therapists, quality of life