Motnje senzorne predelave pri otrocih z motnjo pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo : diplomsko delo

Stuhne, Nika (author), Sicherl, Zorana (mentor), Gričar, Nevenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Motnja pozornosti s hiperaktivnostjo je ena najpogostejših motenj, odkritih pri otrocih. Simptomi motnje so hiperaktivnost, impulzivnost in pomanjkanje pozornosti. Večina otrok ima poleg osnovne motnje pridruženo še vsaj eno motnjo. Senzorno procesiranje je izraz, ki se nanaša na sposobnost centralnega in perifernega živčnega sistema za sprejemanje dražljajev iz perifernih senzoričnih sistemov. O motnji senzorne predelave govorimo, kadar težave s procesiranjem senzornih prilivov vplivajo na naše vsakodnevno delovanje. Otrok z ADHD potrebuje psihološke, vedenjske in nevrološke strategije, ki bodo podpirale njegovo sodelovanje v zanj pomembnih okupacijah. Namen: Na podlagi pregleda literature smo želeli raziskati, katere motnje senzorne predelave se najpogosteje kažejo pri otrocih z ADHD, kako vplivajo na vsakodnevno delovanje otroka in kako lahko delovna terapija prispeva k boljšemu vsakodnevnemu delovanju otroka z motnjo senzorne predelave. Metode dela: Diplomsko delo temelji na deskriptivni metodi dela. Izveden je bil pregled literature. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE Journals in OT seeker. Literatura je bila iskana oktobra 2021. Rezultati: S pregledom literature so izšle štiri teme: pridruženost motnje senzorne modulacije in vpliv le-te na vsakodnevno delovanje otroka z ADHD, pogost pojav vzorca senzorične obdelave iskanja dražljajev, vpliv težav s senzorno predelavo na slabše vključevanje v socialne aktivnosti in vloga delovne terapije pri obravnavi otrok z ADHD. Razprava in zaključek: Otrok z ADHD in pridruženo SMD ima več težav v vsakodnevnem delovanju kot otrok brez pridruženih motenj ali normalno razvijajoči se otrok. Težave s pomanjkanjem pozornosti se pri otrocih z ADHD kažejo kot vzorec iskanja dražljajev in nižja kognitivna raven. Otroci z ADHD se izogibajo socialnim aktivnostim zaradi težav s senzornim procesiranjem. Kognitivni pristop v procesu učenja učinkovitega izvajanja vsakodnevnih aktivnosti se je izkazal za učinkovitega pri izboljšanju težav na področju motorike. Delovna terapija s pomočjo konj prispeva k izboljšanju izvajanja zadanih ciljev. Kognitivno-funkcionalni pristop prispeva k izboljšanju izvršilnih funkcij. Otroci z ADHD razvijejo ustrezne socialne veščine s pomočjo modela, ki temelji na igri otrok. Terapija senzorne integracije pa je bolj učinkovita, ko je kombinirana s senzorno dieto in igro na prostem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, otroci, senzorna integracija, nevrološke motnje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Stuhne]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 30 str., [17] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136969
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 109371651
• Publication date in RUL: 27.05.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Sensory processing disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common disorders found in children. The symptoms of the disorder include hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. The vast majority of children have at least one comorbid disorder associated with ADHD. Sensory processing describes the ability of central and peripheral nervous system to receive stimuli from peripheral sensory systems. The term sensory processing disorder is used when problems with processing sensory stimuli affect our everyday life. Children with ADHD need psychological, behavioral and neurological strategies that support their cooperation in important occupations. Purpose: Based on a literature review our goal was to find out which sensory processing disorders are most common in children with ADHD, how they affect the child's daily functioning and how occupational therapy can contribute to better daily functioning of children with sensory processing disorders. Methods: Thesis is based on a descriptive method of work. A literature review was made. Literature was searched in databases Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE Journals and OT seeker. Our search for literature was performed in october 2021. Results: Four topics were published: comorbidity of sensory modulation disorder and its impact on the daily functioning of children with ADHD, the role of occupational therapy in treatment of children with ADHD, common occurrence of sensory seeking sensory processing pattern and the impact of sensory processing problems on poorer involvement in social activities. Discussion and conclusion: A child with ADHD and comorbid SMD has more problems in daily functioning than a child without comorbid disorders or a normally developing child. Problems with inattention in children with ADHD are seen as a pattern of sensory seeking and lower cognitive levels. Children with ADHD avoid social activities due to sensory processing problems. The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance has proven to be effective in improving motor problems. Equine-assisted occupational therapy helps children improve implementation of goals. The cognitive-functional approach contributes to the improvement of executive functions. Children with ADHD develop appropriate social skills with the help of play-based model. Sensory integration therapy, however, is more effective when combined with sensory diet and outdoor play.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, children, sensory integration, neurological disorders