Vaccination is one of the greatest discoveries in the history of medicine, which has allowed us to contain or even eradicate a wide range of infectious diseases. Developing a vaccine is a complex process that takes several years. However, the Covid 19 pandemic came suddenly and completely changed the normal structure of people's lives around the world. In recent years, vaccine development has advanced at the speed of light, so that for the first time in history, advanced technologies have been used to develop vaccines to provide a much faster and more effective response to a pandemic. Vaccines are the only effective "weapon" in the fight against the pandemic. Therefore, it is especially important to raise awareness in the right way, relying on scientific evidence to ensure that enough people get vaccinated and that a high number of deaths and other disease outcomes are prevented. Therefore, in this master's thesis, we decided to carefully review the available literature on the safety and efficacy of new vaccines and compare them to conventional vaccines. We determined the search queries in the PubMed database, which provided us with 158 results. Using inclusion and exclusion criteria, we reduced the initial set of hits to 47 research articles, which formed the basis for our research. We noted that many different vaccines had been tested in clinical trials based on different platforms and limited our search to the 8 most common and approved vaccines: the classical inactivated vaccines Covilo and CoronaVac, the recombinant vaccine Nuvaxovid, the vector vaccines Sputnik V, Janssen, and Vaxzevria, and the mRNA vaccines Spikevax and Comirnaty. We compared the results obtained in clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of conventional and new vaccines and compiled them in tables. On this basis, we found that DNA- or RNA-based vaccines are generally more effective, but also safer, and therefore represent an important advance in vaccinology. Any studies on their mass use will contribute to the discovery of new therapies for various diseases for which no therapies are yet known, including cancer.
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