Vpliv v ravnotežje usmerjene vadbe na izboljšanje hoje in ravnotežja pri pacientih po totalni endoprotezi kolena – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Čoh, Jana (author), Vauhnik, Renata (mentor), Palma, Polona (comentor), Rugelj, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Zdravljenje pacientov po totalni endoprotezi kolena je v glavnem osredotočeno na ponovno pridobitev obsega giba v kolenu in izboljšanje mišične jakosti fleksorjev in ekstenzorjev kolena ter abduktorjev in adduktorjev kolka ter le v manjši meri na izboljšanje ravnotežja in propriocepcije. Več avtorjev predlaga, da naj bi zdravljenje vključevalo v funkcijo usmerjene protokole, osredotočene na izboljšanje ravnotežja, ki je ključni napovedni dejavnik za izboljšanje funkcije pri pacientih po totalni endoprotezi kolena. Namen: Diplomsko delo je pregled randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav o vplivu v ravnotežje usmerjene vadbe na izboljšanje hoje in ravnotežja pri pacientih po totalni endoprotezi kolena. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v elektronskih podatkovnih zbirkah Cinahl, Pubmed in Sciencedirect. Uporabljene so bile ključne besede in besedne zveze v angleškem jeziku: balance, artroplasty knee, balance exercises, randomized controlled trials, function ter kombinacije le-teh. Rezultati: V pregled smo vključili pet raziskav, ki so proučevale vpliv v ravnotežje usmerjene vadbe na izboljšanje hoje in ravnotežja. V vseh raziskavah so se rezultati v testih, ki so ocenjevali hojo in ravnotežje v eksperimentalnih skupinah, ki so izvajale poleg funkcijske vadbe tudi v ravnotežje usmerjeno vadbo, izboljšali. Dodatna v ravnotežje usmerjena vadba je v pregledanih raziskavah pomembno vplivala na izboljšanje rezultatov v eksperimentalnih skupinah v primerjavi s kontrolnimi skupinami po vadbi. Klinično pomembne razlike med skupinami pri testih hoje so bile ugotovljene v štirih raziskavah. V testih in ocenjevalnih protokolih, ki so ocenjevali ravnotežje, je do klinično pomembnih razlik med skupinama prišlo v petih raziskavah. Razprava in zaključek: Izboljšanje rezultatov testov hoje in ravnotežja v eksperimentalnih skupinah kažejo, da lahko dodatne vaje za ravnotežje po totalni endoprotezi kolena izboljšajo hojo in ravnotežje. Ugotovili smo, da je vključevanje ravnotežne vadbe poleg funkcijske vadbe pomemben dejavnik za izboljšanje hoje in ravnotežja v procesu zdravljenja pri pacientih po totalni endoprotezi kolena.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, totalna endoproteza kolena, ravnotežje, hoja, v ravnotežje usmerjena vadba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Čoh]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 30 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-136580
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 107451651
• Publication date in RUL: 12.05.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effect of balance training on improved gait and balance in patients after total knee endoprosthesis – literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Rehabilitation of patients after total knee arthroplasty is mainly focused on restoring range of motion in the knee and improving muscle strength of the knee flexors and extensors and the hip abductors and adductors, and to a lesser extent on improving balance and proprioception. Several authors suggest that rehabilitation should include task-oriented protocols focusing on improving balance, which is a key predictive factor for improved function in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to review randomised controlled trials on the effect of balance-specific training on improving gait and balance in patients after total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Literature was searched in the electronic databases Cinahl, Pubmed and Sciencedirect. The following keywords and phrases were used: balance, knee arthroplasty, balance exercises, randomised controlled trials, function, and combinations thereof. Results: Five studies were included in the review that investigated the effect of balance-specific training on gait and balance improvement. Across all five studies, scores on tests assessing gait and balance improved in the experimental groups, where patients were performing functional training and additional balance-specific training. Additional balance-specific training in reviewed studies significantly effected experimental groups compared to control groups after training. Clinically significant differences between groups assessing gait were found in four studies. In tests and assessment protocols assessing balance, clinically significant differences between groups assessing were found in five studies. Discussion and conclusion: Improvements in gait and balance tests scores in the experimental suggests that additional balance exercises after total knee arthroplasty may improve gait and balance. It was found that integration of balance training with functional training can importantly effect on improving gait and balance in rehabilitation in patients after total knee arthroplasty.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, total knee artroplasty, balance, gait, balance-specific training