Vrednotenje varnosti vitaminov A, E in B9 v prehranskih dopolnilih s preseženimi priporočenimi dnevnimi odmerki

Tement, Valentina (author), Peterlin Mašič, Lucija (mentor)

Ena izmed pomembnejših prvin življenja je zdravje, za zdravje pa je pomembna zdrava prehrana. V današnjem času velik delež prehrane vsebuje procesirano hrano, ki ji primanjkuje določenih hranil, kot so vitamini in minerali. Zaradi vedno večjega zdravstvenega osveščanja narašča trend dopolnjevanja vitaminov in mineralov k obstoječi prehrani s prehranskimi dopolnili. V lekarnah in specializiranih trgovinah lahko najdemo širok izbor prehranskih dopolnil, ki se med seboj razlikujejo po vsebnosti dnevnih odmerkov. V magistrskem delu smo pregledali in ovrednotili varnost prehranskih dopolnil, ki so dostopna na slovenskih spletnih straneh in vsebujejo vitamin A, vitamin E in/ali folat (vitamin B9). Ugotavljali smo, kakšna je varnost uporabe prehranskih dopolnil, ki presegajo priporočene dnevne vnose (PDV) in zgornjo sprejemljivo mejo vnosov (UL). Evropska Uredba 1169/2011 določa vrednosti za priporočene dnevne vnose (PDV) vitaminov in mineralov, smernice Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje (NIJZ) in Javne agencije Republike Slovenije za zdravila in medicinske pripomočke (JAZMP) pa določajo dovoljeno količino vitaminov in mineralov v izdelkih, ki niso zdravila. Pregledali smo 108 prehranskih dopolnil. Iz raziskave smo izključili tista, ki vsebujejo manj vitamina od priporočenega dnevnega vnosa za posamezen vitamin. Ugotovili smo, da 38,1 % obravnavanih prehranskih dopolnil, ki so vsebovala vitamin A, 64,7 % obravnavanih prehranskih dopolnil, ki so vsebovala vitamin E in 62,9 % obravnavanih prehranskih dopolnil s folatom presega vrednosti PDV za posamezen vitamin. Zgornjo sprejemljivo mejo vnosov (UL) pa presega samo eno prehransko dopolnilo z vitaminom A. Ugotovili smo tudi, da 3 prehranska dopolnila z vitaminom A, 10 prehranskih dopolnil z vitaminom E in 8 prehranskih dopolnil z folatom presega dnevni odmerek, ki ne bi smel biti prekoračen pri izdelkih v farmacevtskih oblikah, ki niso zdravila po smernicah Javne agencije Republike Slovenije za zdravila in medicinske pripomočke (JAZMP). Večina uporabnikov prehranskih dopolnil, se ne zaveda, da lahko prehranska dopolnila vsebujejo prevelike dnevne odmerke aktivnih komponent. Dolgotrajna prekomerna uporaba takšnih prehranskih dopolnil lahko vodi v pojav neželenih učinkov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mikronutrienti, prehranska dopolnila, vitamini, priporočeni dnevni vnosi
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135660
• Publication date in RUL: 24.03.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Safety assessment of vitamins A, E and B9 in food supplements with exceeded recommended daily doses

Abstract

One of the most important things in life is health, and for health it is important to eat healthy. Nowadays, most foods are processed and lack vitamins and minerals. People are concerned about their health, so they add supplements to their diet. There are a variety of dietary supplements available in pharmacies and specialty shops, which vary in the amount of daily doses. In this Master's thesis, we investigated and evaluated the safety of food supplements containing vitamin A, vitamin E, and/or folate (vitamin B9) available on Slovenian websites. We investigated the safety of food supplements exceeding the recommended daily allowance (RDA) and the tolerable upper level (UL). The European Regulation No. 1169/2011 defines the recommended diatery allowance (RDA). The guidelines for the amounts of vitamins and minearals in products that are not drugs are in Slovenia set by the National Institute of Public Health (NIJZ) and the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of the Republic of Slovenia (JAZMP). We investigated 108 food supplements that contains above mentioned vitamins. We discovered that 38.1 % of food supplements containing vitamin A, 67.7 % of food supplements containing vitamin E and 62.9 % of food supplements containing folate (in our sample) exceeded the recommended diatery allowance. The upper tolerable level was exceeded by one food supplement containing vitamin A. We also found that 3 of the food supplements with vitamin A, 10 of the food supplements with vitamin E, and 8 of the food supplements with folate exceeded the recommended diatery dose, which should not be exceeded according to the guidelines of the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of the Republic of Slovenia (JAZMP). Most users of food supplements are not aware that the food supplements available on the market may contain higher doses of active components than recommended. Long-term intake of higher doses may lead to health risks.

• Keywords: micronutrients, food supplements, vitamins, recommended diatery allowance