Analysis of PLA composite filaments reinforced with lignin and polymerised-lignin-treated NFC

Gregor-Svetec, Diana (author), Leskovšek, Mirjam (author), Leskovar, Blaž (author), Stanković Elesini, Urška (author), Vrabič Brodnjak, Urška (author)

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most suitable materials for 3D printing. Blending with nanoparticles improves some of its properties, broadening its application possibilities. The article presents a study of composite PLA matrix filaments with added unmodified and lignin/polymerised lignin surface-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The influence of untreated and surfacemodified NFC on morphological, mechanical, technological, infrared spectroscopic, and dynamic mechanical properties was evaluated for different groups of samples. As determined by the stereo and scanning electron microscopy, the unmodified and surface-modified NFCs with lignin and polymerised lignin were present in the form of plate-shaped agglomerates. The addition of NFC slightly reduced the filaments’ tensile strength, stretchability, and ability to absorb energy, while in contrast, the initial modulus slightly improved. By adding NFC to the PLA matrix, the bending storage modulus (E’) decreased slightly at lower temperatures, especially in the PLA samples with 3 wt% and 5 wt% NFC. When NFC was modified with lignin and polymerised lignin, an increase in E’ was noticed, especially in the glassy state.

• Language: English
• Keywords: polymer composites, nanofibrillated cellulose, lignin, polymerised lignin, agglomeration
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 24 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 13, iss. 13, art. 2174
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135627
• UDC: 677
• ISSN on article: 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym13132174
• COBISS.SI-ID: 69691651
• Publication date in RUL: 22.03.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Polymers
• Shortened title: Polymers
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2073-4360
• COBISS.SI-ID: 517951257

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 01.07.2021

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: polimerni kompoziti, nanofibrilirana celuloza, lignin, polimerizirani lignin, strnjevanje

Projects

• Funder: EC - European Commission
• Funding programme: EU Structural Funds, Potential of biomass for development of advanced materials and bio-based products
• Name: Discarded potentials of biomass
• Acronym: Cel.Cycle

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0213
• Name: Tekstilije in ekologija