Uporaba ocenjevalnega instrumenta za oceno pripravljenosti na pisanje pri otrocih z motnjo v razvoju : diplomsko delo

Bobnar, Nastja (author), Šuc, Lea (mentor), Groleger Sršen, Katja (comentor), Gričar, Nevenka (reviewer)

Uvod: Zgodnje otroštvo je obdobje, ko otroci krepijo in izpopolnjujejo najrazličnejše gibalne spretnosti, ki so jih razvijali od rojstva naprej. Risba se kot zgodnja oblika otrokove zmožnosti risanja uporablja pri ocenjevanju vizualno-motorične koordinacije. Je predhodnica kasnejšega razvoja pisanja, ki zahteva visoko stopnjo usklajenosti in natančnosti drobno-gibalnih veščin. Otroci z motnjami v razvoju imajo pogosto težave pri učenju vsakodnevnih aktivnosti, kot so skrb zase, igra, prostočasne aktivnosti, šolske aktivnosti ter vključevanju v vsakdanje življenje. Zato potrebujejo pomoč delovnega terapevta, ki terapevtsko obravnavo usmerja v otroka tako, da so naloge prilagojene posamezniku. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati, kakšne grafomotorične težave imajo otroci z motnjo v razvoju. V pilotski študiji smo uporabili Ocenjevalni instrument za oceno pripravljenosti na pisanje pri otrocih z motnjo v razvoju. Po oceni pripravljenosti otroka na pisanje bi lahko bolj usmerjeno pristopili k načrtovanju dejavnosti za izboljšanje spretnosti pisanja. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili kvantitativno metodo raziskovanja. Podatke smo pridobili z ocenjevalnim instrumentom za oceno pripravljenosti na pisanje. Rezultati: V raziskavi je sodelovalo 15 otrok, 11 dečkov in štiri deklice. Štirje otroci so bili stari pet let, 11 otrok je bilo starih šest let. Sedem otrok je imelo dominantno levo roko, osem otrok pa desno roko. Najvišji možni dosežek pri testiranju s testom WRITIC je 48 točk. Najvišji dosežek, ki so ga dosegli vključeni otroci, je bil 37 točk, najnižji dosežek je bil 5 točk. V povprečju so otroci dosegli 25 točk. Glede na dosežek je 13 otrok doseglo nezadostno oceno, kar pomeni, da je bila izvedba nalog zelo šibka, pod <5. percentilom. Eden od otrok je dosegel vprašljivo oceno svojih sposobnosti, kar pomeni, da je bil dosežek nizek, pod 15. percentilom. Eden od otrok je dosegel zadostno oceno, kar pomeni, da je bil dosežek pod povprečjem oz. pod 50. percentilo. Razprava in zaključek: Grafomotorika je več kot samo pisanje in držanje pisala v roki. Pomembna je celotna drža telesa, ki kasneje vpliva na sam rokopis in končni izdelek na papirju. Velik vpliv imata tudi fizično in socialno okolje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, delovna terapija, ocenjevanje, koordinacija, rokopis, otrok
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Bobnar]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 37 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135241
• UDC: 615.851
• COBISS.SI-ID: 99412483
• Publication date in RUL: 02.03.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of writing readiness inventory tool for children with development disorder : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Early childhood is a period when children strengthen and perfect different moving capacities thay have developed from birth. A drawing as an early shape of child's ability to draw is used for grading visual-moving coordination. It is antecendant of child's later writing development that demands high level of compliance and accuracy of small-moving abilities. Children with development disorders often have learning difficulties at daily performances such as taking care of yourself, play, free-time activities, school activities and inclusion in everyday life. This is the reason for need and help of an occupational therapist who directs a child by individual adjusting of tasks. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to research graphomotor problems of children with development disorders. The pilot case study was established for transfering and using The evaluating instrument for evaluating a write readiness of children with development disorders. After having the evaluating instrument of child's readiness to write it would be possible to approach to more directed planning of activities for improving his/her writing skills. Methods: In the diploma work we used the quantitative research method. Data were obtained with an assessment tool for assessing readiness for writing. Results: 15 children were included in the research process, 11 boys and 4 girls. 4 children were 5 years old, 11 children were 6 years old. 7 childrene had dominant left hand, 8 children had dominant right hand. The highest testing achievement made by WRITIC test is 48 points. The highest achievement of included children was 37 points, the lowest achievement was 5 points. The average achievement was 25 points. 13 children got unsufficient mark because of very low level of task performance, under 5. percentila. One child reached questionable mark of his abilities which means that his achievement was low, under 15. percentila. One child achieved sufficient mark which means that his achievement was under average or under 50. percentila. Discussion and conclusion: Graphomotorics is much more then only writing and holding a pen in one's hand. The whole body posture is important because of its later influence on a handwriting and final result on a paper. There's also a great influence of physical and social environment.

• Keywords: diploma theses, occupational therapy, assessment, coordination, handwriting, child