Prvi ukrepi pri alergijskih reakcijah v osnovnih šolah : diplomsko delo

Poznič, Katja (author), Sotler, Robert (mentor), Prestor, Jože (reviewer)

Uvod: Alergije in pojav hudih alergičnih reakcij pri šoloobveznih otrocih so vse pogostejše, medtem ko šole na to niso ustrezno pripravljene. Hitri prvi ukrepi in dobro izobraženo šolsko osebje so ključnega pomena, saj s tem preprečimo, da bi prišlo do anafilaktičnega šoka in prenehanja dihanja. Namen: Predstaviti želimo simptome in znake alergijske reakcije in anafilaktičnega šoka, alergene, preventivo in zdravljenje ter vlogo učitelja kot laika v osnovnih šolah. Prikazati želimo pravilen pristop in prve ukrepe pri alergijski reakciji in anafilaktičnem šoku. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda s pregledom tujih in domačih znanstvenih ter strokovnih člankov. Elektronski viri so bili pridobljeni iz baz podatkov PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Cinahl, Cochrane Library in na portalu Dikul. Slovenska literatura je bila pridobljena iz baze COBISS+. Rezultati: Ob kritičnem pregledu literature smo ustvarili pregled ob prvih ukrepih pri alergični reakciji in anafilaktičnem šoku, kakšen je pravilen pristop in uporaba adrenalina. Prepoznava simptomov in znakov alergijske reakcije in klic na številko 112 sta prva izmed ukrepov pri alergični reakciji. V primeru prenehanja dihanja smo prikazali pregled temeljnih postopkov oživljanja pri otroku. Učitelja pri prvi pomoči obravnavamo kot laika. Razprava in zaključek: Simptomi in znaki alergijske reakcije ali anafilaktičnega šoka so velikokrat neustrezno prepoznani. Učitelji so zaradi pomanjkanja znanja nesamozavestni pri izvajanju prvih ukrepov in uporabi adrenalina. Pomembno je, da pri pristopu poskrbimo za svojo lastno in otrokovo varnost, pokličemo na številko 112, odstranimo alergen in apliciramo samoinjektor adrenalina, če ga ima otrok pri sebi. Otroka glede na potek alergijske reakcije namestimo v sedeč ali polsedeč položaj, pri šokiranem v ležeči položaj. V primeru prenehanja dihanja začnemo s TPO. Prva pomoč vključuje tudi preventivne aktivnosti, ki zajemajo redno nošenje samoinjektorja adrenalina s sabo in izogibanje alergenom. Učitelji imajo premalo znanja o izvajanju prvih ukrepov pri alergijskih reakcijah, vendar so zanimanja za dodatna izobraževanja velika.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, prva pomoč, alergijske reakcije, anafilaktični šok, adrenalin, šole
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [K. Poznič]
• Year: 2022
• Number of pages: 38 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135239
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 99409667
• Publication date in RUL: 02.03.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: First aid steps for allergic reactions in primary schools : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Allergies and the occurrence of severe allergic reactions in school-age children are becoming more common, while schools aren't adequately prepared for this. Quick first steps and well-educated school staff are crucial to prevent anaphylactic shock and respiratory arrest. Purpose: We want to present the symptoms and signs of allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock, allergens, prevention and treatment, and the role of the teacher as a layman in primary schools. We want to show the right approach and first steps in allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock. Methods: A descriptive method was used to review foreign and domestic scientific and professional articles. Electronic sources were obtained from specialized databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Wiley Online Library, Cinahl, Cochrane Library and DiKUL portal. Slovenian literature was obtained from the COBISS + database. Results: With a critical review of the literature, we created an overview of the first steps in allergic reaction and anaphylactic shock, what is the right approach and the use of adrenaline. Recognizing the symptoms and signs of an allergic reaction and calling 112 are the first steps in an allergic reaction. In case of cessation of breathing, we have shown an overview of the basic resuscitation procedures in a child. In first aid, we treat teacher as a layman. Discussion and conclusion: Symptoms and signs of an allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock are often inadequately recognized. Due to lack of knowledge, teachers are insecure in taking the first steps and using adrenaline. It is important to take care of your own and the child's safety when approaching, call 112, remove the allergen and apply the adrenaline injector if the child has it with him. Depending on the course of the allergic reaction, the child is placed in a sitting or semi-sitting position, with the shocked child in a position for the shocked person in a supine position . In case of respiratory arrest, start with TPO. First aid also includes prevention, which includes regularly carrying an adrenaline self-injector with you and avoiding allergens. Teachers do not have enough knowledge about the implementation of the first steps in allergic reactions, but there is great interest in additional education.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, first aid, allergic reactions, anaphylactic shock, adrenaline, schools