Napačne predstave učencev 3. in 5. razreda o živalih

Potrebuješ, Jerca (author), Kos, Marjanca (mentor)

Otroci se zelo zanimajo za živali. Njihove predstave o živalih, naj bo to njihov videz, razmnoževanje, prehrana, življenjski prostor ipd. so pogosto drugačne od interpretacij znanstvenikov. Otroci si živalski svet pogosto razlagajo in predstavljajo po svoje. Predstave otrok o živalih so bile preučevane v različnih raziskavah in izkazalo se je, da so le-te pogosto napačne. Namen tega magistrskega dela je spoznati ideje in ugotoviti napačne predstave učencev 3. in 5. razreda o živalih. Raziskava je slonela na deskriptivnem raziskovalnem pristopu. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 62 učencev 3. razreda in 58 učencev 5. razreda iz 2 slovenskih osnovnih šol. Učenci so prejeli anketni vprašalnik z 8 vprašanji zaprtega tipa, 21 trditvami, pri katerih so obkrožili ali se z njimi strinjajo, ne strinjajo oziroma ne vedo, ali bi se strinjali in 4 vprašanja odprtega tipa. Od tega smo 27 vprašanj sestavili sami, 6 vprašanj pa je že bilo predmet preučevanj v raziskavah. Pri tem nas je zanimalo, če bomo prišli do podobnih ugotovitev. Preučili smo predstave otrok po osmih kategorijah (videz, razmnoževanje, prehrana, sposobnosti, deli telesa in njihove vloge, razvrščanje, značilnosti, življenjski prostor). Raziskava je pokazala, da so med učenci pogosto prisotne nekatere napačne predstave o živalih. Najmanj učencev (5 %) ve, da se kokoši izvali približno toliko kot petelinov. Večina jih misli, da se kokoši izvali veliko več. Veliko težav so imeli tudi z vprašanjema, kaj hrani kamela v grbah, zakaj se ptice selivke selijo ter s trditvijo, da sova lahko zavrti glavo za cel krog. Med mlajšimi učenci so predstave o živalih pogosteje napačne kot pri starejših. Med mlajšimi imajo dekleta boljše predstave o živalih od dečkov, pri starejših otrocih pa imajo boljše predstave dečki. V celoti gledano pa so predstave dečkov nekoliko boljše od predstav deklet. Z raziskavo želimo sporočiti javnosti, da so predstave otrok o živalih površne. Osebe, ki delajo z otroki, želimo tudi spodbuditi k posluževanju pristopov, ki slonijo na pristnih stikih z naravo, ne le pri naravoslovnih predmetih, temveč tekom celotnega izobraževalnega procesa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: napačne predstave
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135108
• COBISS.SI-ID: 98123267
• Publication date in RUL: 23.02.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Misconceptions about animals among 3rd and 5th graders

Abstract

It can be concluded that children are very interested in animals. Their ideas of animals irrespective of appearance, reproduction, nourishment, living space, etc. are often different from the researchers’ interpretations. However, the childrens’ notion about the animal world is very unique. Their perception of the animals was studied in several reasearch, which proved the scientists wrong. The aim of my masters is thus to reveal the ideas and to find the misconceptions about animals among the pupils of the third and fifth grade of primary school. The research was done on descriptive research approach. There were 62 pupils in the third class and 58 pupils in the fifth class from two Slovene schools involved. In addition, the pupils were given a questionnaire with seven closed questions offering 21 statements, where children agree, disagree, or are undefined, and 4 opened questions. 27 questions were prepared by me, 6 questions had already been researched. Consequently, I was eager to get the same results. The research was done in eight categories (appearance, production, nutrition, abilities, body parts and their roles, classification, features and living space). The research has shown that children often have misconception of the animals. At least 5 pupils (5 %) know that there’s the same number of chicks hatched as with roosters. Yet a majority of pupils think there’s more chicks. Moreover, there were a lot of problems with the two questions: What a camel keeps in its humps?; Why birds migrate? and the statement, An owl is able to move its head by a circle. Younger childrens’ perception of animals is often wrong compared to older children. Among younger children the girls have better perception of animals than the boys, whereas the boys have better perception among older children. To sum up, boys’ perception of animals are a bit better than the girls’. Given the above, the childrens’ perception of animals are superficial. Therefore, professionals should foster the nature-based approach in other areas of education and not the science field alone.

• Keywords: misconceptions