On the role of curved membrane nanodomains and passive and active skeleton forces in the determination of cell shape and membrane budding

Mesarec, Luka (author), Drab, Mitja (author), Penič, Samo (author), Kralj-Iglič, Veronika (author), Iglič, Aleš (author)

Biological membranes are composed of isotropic and anisotropic curved nanodomains. Anisotropic membrane components, such as Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) superfamily protein domains, could trigger/facilitate the growth of membrane tubular protrusions, while isotropic curved nanodomains may induce undulated (necklace-like) membrane protrusions. We review the role of isotropic and anisotropic membrane nanodomains in stability of tubular and undulated membrane structures generated or stabilized by cyto- or membrane-skeleton. We also describe the theory of spontaneous self-assembly of isotropic curved membrane nanodomains and derive the critical concentration above which the spontaneous necklace-like membrane protrusion growth is favorable. We show that the actin cytoskeleton growth inside the vesicle or cell can change its equilibrium shape, induce higher degree of segregation of membrane nanodomains or even alter the average orientation angle of anisotropic nanodomains such as BAR domains. These effects may indicate whether the actin cytoskeleton role is only to stabilize membrane protrusions or to generate them by stretching the vesicle membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrate that by taking into account the in-plane orientational ordering of anisotropic membrane nanodomains, direct interactions between them and the extrinsic (deviatoric) curvature elasticity, it is possible to explain the experimentally observed stability of oblate (discocyte) shapes of red blood cells in a broad interval of cell reduced volume. Finally, we present results of numerical calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations which indicate that the active forces of membrane skeleton and cytoskeleton applied to plasma membrane may considerably influence cell shape and membrane budding.

• Language: English
• Keywords: cytoskeleton, membrane skeleton, cell shape, orientational ordering, actin filaments, active force, BAR domains, anisotropic shape of molecules, NMIIA motor domains, membrane budding
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering; ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 47 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 22, iss. 5, art. 2348
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-135022
• UDC: 577
• ISSN on article: 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052348
• COBISS.SI-ID: 53353987
• Publication date in RUL: 17.02.2022

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: International journal of molecular sciences
• Shortened title: Int. j. mol. sci.
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1422-0067
• COBISS.SI-ID: 2779162

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 01.03.2021

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: citoskelet, membranski skelet, oblika celic, orientacijski red, aktinski filamenti, aktivna sila, BAR domene, anizotropna oblika molekul, motorne domene NMIIA, brstenje membran