Uporaba ortopedskih vložkov pri otrocih : diplomsko delo

Škarja, Tina (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Pavlović, Monika (comentor), Levec, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Stopalo in gleženj sta kompleksna, dinamična organa, ki se razvijata v času otroštva in imata pomembno vlogo pri podpori telesa. Težave s stopali zdravimo konzervativno ali operativno, odvisno od deformacije. Eden izmed načinov konzervativnega zdravljenja so ortopedski vložki. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregledati literaturo na področju uporabe ortopedskih vložkov pri otrocih z deformacijami stopal, s čemer smo ugotavljali učinkovitost in vplive na stopalo. Metode dela: Pri diplomskem delu smo uporabili sistematični pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature v angleškem in slovenskem jeziku, objavljene med letoma 2011 in 2021. Uporabili smo iskalni niz child AND foot AND insole in otrok IN stopalo IN ortopedski vložek. Rezultati: Vključili smo osem člankov. V raziskavah so opisane različne deformacije stopal in za zdravljenje uporabljeni ortopedski vložki. Preiskovanci so bili otroci različne starosti in z različnimi deformacijami. V dveh raziskavah so bili otroci brez deformacij. V eni raziskavi so uporabljali ortopedske vložke z medialnim klinom za izboljšanje stanja pri tistih z obračanjem stopal navznoter. Pri ostalih raziskavah je bilo pri vseh preiskovancih prisotno plosko stopalo, uporabili so ortopedske vložke s podporo medialnemu stopalnemu loku. Razprava in zaključek: Uporaba ortopedskih vložkov pri otrocih z deformacijami je zelo pogosta, po navadi v kombinaciji s primerno obutvijo in fizioterapijo. Z uporabo ortopedskih vložkov izboljšamo bolečino, motnje hoje in ravnotežja in popravimo deformacijo. Pri večini otrok s fleksibilnim ploskim stopalom, ki nimajo težav z razvojem, se stopalni loki razvijejo v fazi odraščanja. Na korekcijo deformacije pozitivno vplivata trdota materiala in višina podpore stopalnemu loku, vendar pa se lahko zgodi, da se s tem povzročijo nepojasnjene napetosti v sklepih in ligamentih stopala. Pomembni dejavniki so različni materiali in njihova trdota, oblika vložka, višina podpore stopalnim lokom, popoln stik. Pomembno vlogo ima tudi ortotik in protetik pri individualni izdelavi ortopedskih vložkov. Na tem področju ni opaziti veliko raziskav, zato bi za boljše razumevanje vpliva ortopedskih vložkov na različne deformacije stopal v otroštvu bilo treba izvesti dodatne raziskave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, vložki za čevlje, stopala, ploska stopala, otroci
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Škarja]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 23 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134754
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 96145923
• Publication date in RUL: 30.01.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of insoles in children : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The foot and ankle are complex, dynamic organs that develop during childhood and play an important role in supporting the body. Foot problems are treated conservatively or surgically, depending on the deformity. One of the conservative treatments are orthopaedic insoles. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to review the literature on the use of orthotic insoles in children with foot deformities to determine the effectiveness and impact on the foot. Methods: In this thesis we used a systematic review of professional and scientific literature, which we searched in English and Slovene, published between 2011 and 2021. We used the search string child AND foot AND insole and in Slovene otrok IN stopalo IN ortopedski vložek. Results: Eight articles were included. The studies describe different foot deformities and the orthopedic insoles used for treatment. The subjects were children of different ages and with different deformities. Two studies involved children without deformities. One study used orthopedic insoles with a medial wedge, to improve the condition of children with inward-turning feet. In the other studies, all subjects had flat feet they all used orthopedic insoles with support for the medial arch of the foot. Discussion and conclusion: The use of orthopedic insoles in children with deformities is very common, usually in combination with appropriate footwear and physiotherapy. Using orthopaedic insoles improve pain, gait and balance problems and corrects deformities. Most children with flexible flat feet who do not have developmental problems develop plantar arches during childhood. The correction of the deformity is positively influenced by the hardness of the material and the amount of support to the arch of the foot, but this can cause unexplained tensions in the joints and ligaments of the foot. Important factors are the different materials and their hardness, the shape of the insole, the amount of support to the arches of the foot, the total-contact. The orthotist and prosthetist also plays an important role in the individual design of orthotic insoles. There is lack of research in this field, and further research would be needed to better understand the impact of orthotic insoles on various foot deformities in childhood.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, shoe inserts, feet, flat feet, children