Razvoj in validacija vprašalnika za merjenje e-zdravstvene pismenosti v povezavi s pandemijo COVID-19 v Sloveniji

Šeligo, Lina (author), Horvat, Nejc (mentor)

E-zdravstvena pismenost je sestavljena spretnost in zahteva, da so ljudje sposobni delati s tehnologijo, kritično razmišljati ter krmariti po širokem spektru informacijskih orodij in virov, da pridobijo informacije, potrebne za odločanje. Pandemijo COVID-19 spremlja "infodemija", izraz, ki se uporablja za hitro širjenje napačnih informacij ali lažnih novic prek socialnih omrežij in drugih virov informacij. Za prepoznavanje e-zdravstvene pismenosti nam je na voljo instrument eHEALS, katerega smo prevedli in vključili v naš vprašalnik. Za merjenje e-zdravstvene pismenosti, povezane s COVID-19, še ni razvitega vprašalnika, zato je bil primarni namen magistrskega dela razviti in validirati vprašalnik. S pomočjo razvitega in validiranega vprašalnika smo identificirali stopnjo e-zdravstvene pismenosti v povezavi s pandemijo COVID-19 med laično javnostjo v Sloveniji. Vsebino vprašalnika smo oblikovali na podlagi pregledane literature in predhodnih vprašalnikov o e-zdravstveni pismenosti. Prvi del vprašalnika zajema eHEALS, ki je že uveljavljen, splošni vprašalnik za merjenje e-zdravstvene pismenosti. Drugi del je sestavljen iz vprašanj o iskanju, razumevanju, presoji in uporabi informacij, pridobljenih na internetu. Za odgovore smo uporabili 5-stopenjsko Likertovo lestvico. V tretjem delu vprašalnika smo s pomočjo naloge preverili e-zdravstveno pismenost anketirancev. Zadnji del vprašalnika pa vsebuje vprašanja o sociodemografskih podatkih. Vprašalnik smo najprej pilotno testirali na vzorcu 20 ljudi. Končno verzijo vprašalnika je prek spletnega panela Valicon izpolnilo 518 ljudi. Rezultate smo analizirali v programu SPSS in AMOS. Najprej smo analizirali sociodemografske podatke s pomočjo opisne statistike. Zanesljivost našega instrumenta smo preverjali kot 1-faktorski in 4-faktorski model s pomočjo Cronbachovega koeficienta α. Višjo zanesljivost konstrukta smo dobili pri 1-faktorskem modelu. Vsi rezultati, ki smo jih pridobili pri izračunu koeficienta Cronbach α, so višji od 0,70, kar potrjuje odlično zanesljivost konstrukta. Veljavnost instrumenta smo preverili s potrditveno faktorsko analizo in multiplo linearno regresijo. Glede na indekse potrditvene faktorske analize se podatkom bolje prilega 4-faktorski model. Slednji zajema vprašanja, združena v 4 domene, ki so si med seboj bistveno bolj podobne kot pri 1-faktorskem modelu. Z analizo multiple linearne regresije smo pokazali statistično značilno povezavo med višjo e-zdravstveno pismenostjo ter višjo stopnjo dokončane izobrazbe, višjim neto mesečnim prihodkom ter anketiranci, ki prihajajo iz večjih naselij. Pri nalogi, kjer smo ocenjevali dejansko pismenost v primerjavi z izvedeno e-zdravstveno pismenostjo, smo dobili zelo nizke korelacije med samozaznavno in dejansko e-zdravstveno pismenostjo, vse korelacije med posameznimi sklopi pa so bile statistično značilne.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: e-zdravstvena pismenost, vprašalnik, validacija, COVID-19, Slovenija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2022
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134749
• Publication date in RUL: 29.01.2022

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Development and validation of the questionnaire measuring e-health literacy related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia

Abstract

E-health literacy is a composite skill and requires people to be able to work with technology, think critically, and navigate a wide range of information tools and resources to obtain the information needed to make decisions. The COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by “infodemia,” a term used to quickly spread false information or fake news through social networks and other sources of information. These are the reasons that point to the importance of e-health literacy in the world. To measure e-health literacy, we have the eHEALS instrument at our disposal, which we translated and included in our questionnaire. eHEALS is an eight-question e-health literacy instrument developed to measure knowledge about finding, assessing and using internet information for health problems. We developed and validated a questionnaire to measure e-health literacy related to the COVID -19 pandemic in Slovenia. In the first part, the questionnaire includes all items of the already established eHEALS questionnaire for measuring e-health literacy. The second part consists of questions about finding, understanding, assessing and using information from the internet. We used a five-point Likert response scale. In the third part of the questionnaire, we used a task to test the e-health literacy of the respondents. The last section of the questionnaire contains questions on socio-demographic data. The questionnaire was first pilot tested on a sample of 20 people. The final version of the questionnaire was answered by 518 people who completed the questionnaire on the Valicon web panel. The results were analysed with the programmes SPSS and AMOS. First, we analysed the socio-demographic data using descriptive statistics. The reliability of our instrument was tested using Cronbach's alpha between a 1-factor and a 4-factor model. With the 1-factor model, a higher reliability of the construct was obtained. The validity of the instrument was verified by confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regression. According to the indices, the 4-factor model is superior to 1-factor model since it includes questions grouped into 4 domains that are much more similar to each other than in the 1-factor model. The 4-factor model provides a better fit to experimental data compared to 1-factor model. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between higher e-health literacy and higher educational attainment, higher monthly net income and larger respondent settlement. In the task where we assessed actual literacy compared to implemented e-health literacy, we obtained very low correlations between self-perceived and actual e-health literacy. All correlations between the individual domains were statistically significant.

• Keywords: : e-health literacy, questionnaire, validation, COVID-19, Slovenia