Inventarizacija favne pajkov v Parku Škocjanske jame

Ferle, Maja (author), Kostanjšek, Rok (mentor)

V magistrskem delu smo proučevali vrstno pestrost pajčjih združb treh različnih epigeičnih habitatov (toploljubni gozd, suhozid s kamenjem in polsuhi submediteranski travnik) v Parku Škocjanske jame. Favno pajkov smo vzorčili od leta 2017 do leta 2020 na šestih lokalitetah (na treh travnikih, na dveh lokacijah v toploljubnem gozdu in ob učni poti Škocjan, kjer smo vzorčili suhozid). Vzorčili smo s selektivnimi in neselektivnimi metodami lova. Ujeli smo skupno 1633 osebkov, ki so pripadali 131 vrstam. Na podlagi cenilk vrstne pestrosti smo ugotovili, da je bilo naše vzorčenje nepopolno (64% – 84%), ocene pričakovane vrstne pestrosti preiskovanega območja pa se gibljejo od 156 do 206 vrst pajkov. Združbe treh preiskovanih habitatov se razlikujejo po ocenjenem in opaženem vrstnem bogastvu in vrstni pestrosti. Vrstno najbogatejša je gozdna združba, najmanj pa travniška. Ta ima tudi najmanjšo vrstno pestrost po izračunu Shannonove in Simpsonove pestrosti, medtem ko imata gozdna in suhozidna združba podobno vrstno pestrost po Shannonu. Potrdili smo, da se sestave združb med seboj statistično značilno razlikujejo. Suhozidno združbo sestavlja del travniških in gozdnih vrst, zato ta habitat opišemo kot ekoton med obema drugima habitatoma. Opredelili smo 10 potencialnih indikatorskih vrst za preiskovane habitate. V vseh treh habitatih klateži prevladujejo nad mrežarji, kar je lahko posledica vpliva uporabljene tehnike lova, talnih pasti, pa tudi v pomanjkanju pritrjevalnih struktur za pritrjevanje mrež na travniku in v suhozidu.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: pajki, vrstna pestrost, ocena vrstne pestrosti, indikatorske vrste
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-134070
• COBISS.SI-ID: 90492931
• Publication date in RUL: 23.12.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The epigeic spider fauna of Škocjan Caves Regional Park

Abstract

Spider species diversity has been studied in three different epigeic habitats (thermophilic forest, dry stone and semi dry grassland) at the Škocjan Caves Regional Park. Sampling took place at six localities (3 grassland localities, 2 forest localities and educational trail »Škocjan«, where we sampled dry stone) from 2017 to 2020. Selective and non-selective methods of sampling were used. 1633 adult individuals were caught and 131 different species have been identified. Species richness estimators have shown 64% – 84% sampling completeness. Species richness estimators have estimated between 156 and 206 spider species in the studied area. Spider communities from three different habitats differ in estimates of species richness and species diversity. The highest species richness has been estimated in forest spider community and the lowest in semi dry grassland community. According to Shannon diversity and Simpson diversity the lowest estimated species diversity has been estimated for semi dry grassland. Meanwhile forest and dry stone communities have similar species diversity estimations. 2D ordination confirmed statistical differences between all three communities. Dry stone community includes forest and grassland species and is an ecotone between forest and grassland communities. The model predicted 10 indicator species for the studied area. Active hunters have been more abundant than web-builders in all three communities, mainly because of the effectiveness of pitfall traps and the lack of attachment points for the web fixation in dry stone and grassland habitats.

• Keywords: spiders, biodiversity, species richness, species diversity estimations