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West Nile virus in Slovenia
ID Knap, Nataša (Author), ID Korva, Miša (Author), ID Ivović, Vladimir (Author), ID Kalan, Katja (Author), ID Jelovšek, Mateja (Author), ID Sagadin, Martin (Author), ID Zakotnik, Samo (Author), ID Strašek, Katja (Author), ID Slunečko, Jan (Author), ID Avšič-Županc, Tatjana (Author)

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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. Birds are the reservoir for the virus; humans, horses and other mammals are dead-end hosts. Infections caused by WNV in humans can vary from asymptomatic infections to West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND). In 1995, a serosurvey was performed in Slovenia on forest workers, and WNV specific IgG antibodies were confirmed in 6.8% of the screened samples, indicating that WNV is circulating in Slovenia. No human disease cases were detected in Slovenia until 2013, when the first case of WNV infection was confirmed in a retrospective study in a 79-year old man with meningitis. In 2018, three patients with WNND were confirmed by laboratory tests, with detection of IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of the patients. In one of the patients, WNV RNA was detected in the urine sample. In 2017, 2018 and 2019, a mosquito study was performed in Slovenia. Mosquitoes were sampled on 14 control locations and 35 additional locations in 2019. No WNV was detected in mosquitoes in 2017 and 2019, but we confirmed the virus in a pool of Culex sp. mosquitoes in 2018. The virus was successfully isolated, and complete genome sequence was acquired. The whole genome of the WNV was also sequenced from the patient's urine sample. The whole genome sequences of the WNV virus detected in Slovenian patient and mosquito indicate the virus most likely spread from the north, because of the geographic proximity and because the sequences cluster with the Austrian and Hungarian sequences. A sentinel study was performed on dog sera samples, and we were able to confirm IgG antibodies in 1.8% and 4.3% of the samples in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Though Slovenia is not a highly endemic country for WNV, we have established that the virus circulates in Slovenia.

Language:English
Keywords:West Nile virus, mosquitoes, Slovenia, WNV, WNND
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:MF - Faculty of Medicine
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2020
Number of pages:11 str.
Numbering:Vol. 12, iss. 7, art. 720
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-133932 This link opens in a new window
UDC:616.9
ISSN on article:1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v12070720 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:22975235 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:20.12.2021
Views:927
Downloads:162
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Viruses
Shortened title:Viruses
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:1999-4915
COBISS.SI-ID:517597977 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:03.07.2020

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:virus zahodnega Nila, komarji, Slovenija

Projects

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:J3-8197
Name:Nadzor prenašalcev porajajočih se mikroorganizmov v Sloveniji

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P3-0083
Name:Odnosi parazitskega obstajanja

Funder:EC - European Commission
Funding programme:H2020
Project number:653316
Name:European Virus Archive goes global
Acronym:EVAg

Funder:Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:National institute of Public Health

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