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Photonic modes in anisotropic topological soft matter
ID Mur, Urban (Author), ID Ravnik, Miha (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
This thesis numerically explores ideas for the realisation of novel photonic modes using anisotropic topological soft matter, with the control over material birefringence being the central underlying concept. The work is focused on analyzing the interplay between light and material, especially by use of topological defects and concepts of photonic topological insulators. The main methodological approach is Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) method, which is specifically developed to calculate eigenstates in the anisotropic optical resonators by adapting and improving upon existing FDFD approaches and can account for arbitrary spatially varying optical axis of uniaxial birefringent material. First optical system explores eigenmodes of different liquid crystal structures, like nematic droplets, defects and layers, embedded in Fabry-Pérot resonator. Shapes of the intensity profiles of the emerging modes are found to depend on the shape of the cavity, determined by its refractive index profile, while the polarization profiles show strong dependence on the spatially varying nematic director field. Under second research direction, we explore the possibilities for deflection and control of the light beam intensity profiles by using stacks of liquid crystal cells. Combinations of individually controlled building blocks show the ability to control the light beam continuously. The proposed device can operate in a broader wavelength spectrum and is capable of splitting the beam and controlling each part individually. A third system looking at the effects of pixelization on photonic crystal band gaps is studied on the case of cylindrical pillars in a square lattice. We show that already simple approximations of the circular pillar cross sections act similarly to the original structure with only a small mismatch in the photonic band structure. The demonstrated concept is used to construct a perturbed pixelated photonic crystal based on the Kagome lattice, which supports the existence of unidirectional states at the domain boundaries. Further, unidirectional states are also shown in a perturbed pixelated Kagome lattice photonic crystal based on liquid crystals, which offer a possibility of constructing a topological photonic crystal with reconfigurable boundaries. In the fourth line of research, characteristics of negative birefringence nematic liquid crystal reordering in the vicinity of umbilical defects in the presence of external electric field are examined. More generally, the work explores new concepts for using soft materials for real-time shaping and control of the light at the microscopic level.

Language:English
Keywords:light, nematic liquid crystal, numerical simulations, control, topology, photonic crystal, light beam, eigenmode, pixel
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Year:2021
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-132920 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:85091075 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:06.11.2021
Views:34544
Downloads:338
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Fotonski načini v anizotropni topološki mehki snovi
Abstract:
V tej doktorski disertaciji numerično raziščem ideje za realizacijo novih fotonskih načinov z uporabo anizotropnih topoloških mehkih snovi, pri čemer je osrednji osnovni koncept nadzor nad optično osjo materiala. Delo je osredotočeno na analizo medsebojne sklopitve svetlobe in materiala, zlasti z uporabo topoloških defektov in konceptov fotonskih topoloških izolatorjev. Glavna uporabljena metoda je metoda končnih diferenc v frekvenčni domeni (FDFD), ki sem jo razvil posebej za izračun lastnih stanj v anizotropnih optičnih resonatorjih s prilagajanjem in nadgradnjo obstoječih izvedb FDFD metode in lahko upošteva poljubno prostorsko spreminjajočo se optično os enoosnega dvolomnega materiala. V prvem optičnem sistemu raziščem lastne načine različnih struktur tekočih kristalov, kot so nematske kapljice, defekti in plasti tekočih kristalov, vgrajenih v Fabry-Pérotov resonator. Ugotovim, da so oblike intenzitetnih profilov pripadajočih svetlobnih načinov odvisne od oblike votline, ki je določena z njenim profilom lomnega količnika, medtem ko polarizacijski profili kažejo močno odvisnost od prostorsko spreminjajočega se direktorskega polja. Pod drugo raziskovalno smerjo raziskujem možnosti odklona in nadzora intenzitetnih profilov svetlobnega snopa z uporabo skladov tekočekristalnih celic. Kombinacije individualno nadzorovanih gradnikov kažejo sposobnost neprekinjenega nadzora svetlobnega snopa. Predlagana naprava lahko deluje v širšem spektru valovnih dolžin in lahko razdeli žarek ter nadzoruje vsak del posebej. Kot tretji sistem preučim učinke pikselacije na vrzeli v pasovnih strukturah fotonskih kristalov na primeru valjastih stebrov v kvadratni mreži. Pokažem, da že preprosti približki krožnega preseka stebra delujejo podobno kot prvotna struktura z le majhnim neskladjem v pasovnih strukturah. Prikazani koncept uporabim za konstrukcijo pikseliranega fotonskega kristala na osnovi rešetke Kagome s premaknjenimi položaji stebrov, ki podpira obstoj enosmernih svetlobnih stanj na mejah med topološko različnimi fotonskimi kristali. Nadalje enosmerna stanja prikažem tudi v pikseliranem fotonskem kristalu na osnovi rešetke Kagome s premaknjenimi položaji stebrov in tekočih kristalov, ki ponujajo možnost izdelave topološkega fotonskega kristala s premičnimi mejami. Kot četrto vejo raziskav preučim značilnosti preurejanja tekočih kristalov z negativno dvolomnostjo v bližini umbiličnih defektov ob prisotnosti zunanjega električnega polja. Na splošno delo raziskuje nove koncepte uporabe mehkih materialov za oblikovanje in nadzor svetlobe na mikroskopski ravni v realnem času.

Keywords:svetloba, tekoči kristal, numerične simulacije, nadzor, topologija, fotonski kristal, svetlobni snop, lastni način, piksel

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