The theoretical part of the master's thesis presents basic concepts of spacetime, which fuses the three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. We describe Schwarzschild geometry as solution to the Einstein field equations that describes the gravitational field outside of a spherical mass and is an approximation for astronomical objects such as many stars and planets. The equation for deflection of light ray is derived within classical physics and theory of general relativity. The lens equation is also derived. We further explain the connection between lens, source and observer position and the position of the source image. We present an Einstein ring that is created when source, lens and observer are all in perfect alignment. Gravitational lensing can magnify the distant sources and amplify their brightness. We describe some main characteristics of gravitational lensing and present two major types of lensing – weak and strong lensing, whose special case is microlensing. In the empirical part we derive the shape of glass lens that characteristics are similar to gravitational lens. We prepare activities and simple experiments to introduce the phenomenon of gravitational lensing in secondary and high school. We demonstrate the effects of gravity with gravity simulator and with glass lens. We give some examples of a deflection angle and Einstein ring for the Sun, the Jupiter and a Sun-like star.
|
