LDAF : Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework in a use case of blockchain-enabled IoT devices

Pustišek, Matevž (author), Dolenc, Dejan (author), Kos, Andrej (author)

In this paper, we present Low-Bandwidth Distributed Applications Framework (LDAF)—an application-aware gateway for communication-constrained Internet of things (IoT) devices. A modular approach facilitates connecting to existing cloud backend servers and managing message formats and APIs’ native application logic to meet the communication constraints of resource-limited end devices. We investigated options for positioning the LDAF server in fog computing architectures. We demonstrated the approach in three use cases: (i) a simple domain name system (DNS) query from the device to a DNS server, (ii) a complex interaction of a blockchain—based IoT device with a blockchain network, and (iii) difference based patching of binary (system) files at the IoT end devices. In a blockchain smart meter use case we effectively enabled decentralized applications (DApp) for devices that without our solution could not participate in a blockchain network. Employing the more efficient binary content encoding, we reduced the periodic traffic from 16 kB/s to ~1.1 kB/s, i.e., 7% of the initial traffic. With additional optimization of the application protocol in the gateway and message filtering, the periodic traffic was reduced to ~1% of the initial traffic, without any tradeoffs in the application’s functionality or security. Using a function of binary difference we managed to reduce the size of the communication traffic to the end device, at least when the binary patch was smaller than the patching file.

• Language: English
• Keywords: fog computing, internet of things, communication constrains, gateway, blockchain
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2019
• Number of pages: 15 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 19, iss. 10, art. 2337
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132247
• UDC: 621.39:004
• ISSN on article: 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19102337
• COBISS.SI-ID: 12534612
• Publication date in RUL: 19.10.2021

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Sensors
• Shortened title: Sensors
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10176278

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 21.05.2019

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: računalništvo v megli, internet stvari, komunikacijske omejitve, prehod, blokovne verige

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0246
• Name: Algoritmi in optimizacijski postopki v telekomunikacijah