Dynamic measurements using FDM 3D-printed embedded strain sensors

Maurizi, Marco (author), Slavič, Janko (author), Cianetti, Filippo (author), Jerman, Marko (author), Valentinčič, Joško (author), Lebar, Andrej (author), Boltežar, Miha (author)

3D-printing technology is opening up new possibilities for the co-printing of sensory elements. While quasi-static research has shown promise, the dynamic performance has yet to be researched. This study researched smart 3D structures with embedded and printed sensory elements. The embedded strain sensor was based on the conductive PLA (Polylactic Acid) material. The research was focused on dynamic measurements of the strain and considered the theoretical background of the piezoresistivity of conductive PLA materials, the temperature effects, the nonlinearities, the dynamic range, the electromagnetic sensitivity and the frequency range. A quasi-static calibration used in the dynamic measurements was proposed. It was shown that the temperature effects were negligible, the sensory element was linear as long as the structure had a linear response, the dynamic range started at ∼ 30 μϵ and broadband performance was in the range of few kHz (depending on the size of the printed sensor). The promising results support future applications of smart 3D-printed systems with embedded sensory elements being used for dynamic measurements in areas where currently piezo-crystal-based sensors are used.

• Language: English
• Keywords: 3D-printing, strain sensors, embedded sensors, dynamic measurements, fused deposition modeling, smart structures
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2019
• Number of pages: 15 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 19, iss. 12, art. 2661
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-132234
• UDC: 531.3(045)
• ISSN on article: 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s19122661
• COBISS.SI-ID: 16662555
• Publication date in RUL: 18.10.2021

MAURIZI, Marco, SLAVIČ, Janko, CIANETTI, Filippo, JERMAN, Marko, VALENTINČIČ, Joško, LEBAR, Andrej and BOLTEŽAR, Miha, 2019, Dynamic measurements using FDM 3D-printed embedded strain sensors. Sensors [online]. 2019. Vol. 19, no. 12,  2661. [Accessed 13 June 2025]. DOI 10.3390/s19122661. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=132234

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Sensors
• Shortened title: Sensors
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1424-8220
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10176278

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
• Licensing start date: 12.06.2019

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: 3D-tiskanje, zaznavala deformacij, vgrajeni senzorji, dinamične meritve, pametne strukture

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P2-0263
• Name: Mehanika v tehniki