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Evaluation of disease severity and global transcriptome response induced by Citrus bark cracking viroid, Hop latent viroid, and their co-infection in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)
ID Štajner, Nataša (Author), ID Radišek, Sebastjan (Author), ID Kumar Mishra, Ajay (Author), ID Nath, Vishnu Sukumari (Author), ID Matoušek, Jaroslav (Author), ID Jakše, Jernej (Author)

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Abstract
Viroids are small non-capsidated, single-stranded, covalently-closed circular noncoding RNA replicons of 239–401 nucleotides that exploit host factors for their replication, and some cause disease in several economically important crop plants, while others appear to be benign. The proposed mechanisms of viroid pathogenesis include direct interaction of the genomic viroid RNA with host factors and post-transcriptional or transcriptional gene silencing via viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs) generated by the host defensive machinery. Humulus lupulus (hop) plants are hosts to several viroids among which Hop latent viroid (HLVd) and Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) are attractive model systems for the study of viroid-host interactions due to the symptomless infection of the former and severe symptoms induced by the latter in this indicator host. To better understand their interactions with hop plant, a comparative transcriptomic analysis based on RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to reveal the transcriptional alterations induced as a result of single HLVd and CBCVd infection in hop. Additionally, the effect of HLVd on the aggressiveness of CBCVd that underlies severe stunting in hop in a mixed infection was studied by transcriptomic analysis. Our analysis revealed that CBCVd infection resulted in dynamic changes in the activity of genes as compared to single HLVd infection and their mixed infection. The differentially expressed genes that are involved in defense, phytohormone signaling, photosynthesis and chloroplasts, RNA regulation, processing and binding; protein metabolism and modification; and other mechanisms were more modulated in the CBCVd infection of hop. Nevertheless, Gene Ontology (GO) classification and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the expression of genes involved in the proteolysis mechanism is more active in a mixed infection as compared to a single one, suggesting co-infecting viroids may result in interference with host factors more prominently. Collectively, our results provide a deep transcriptome of hop and insight into complex single HLVd, CBCVd, and their coinfection in hop-plant interactions.

Language:English
Keywords:Citrus bark cracking viroid, co-infection, differentially expressed genes, Humulus lupulus, Hop latent viroid, transcriptome profiling
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2019
Number of pages:21 str.
Numbering:Vol. 20, iss. 13, art. 3154
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-132222 This link opens in a new window
UDC:577.2
ISSN on article:1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms20133154 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:9268089 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:18.10.2021
Views:547
Downloads:126
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:International journal of molecular sciences
Shortened title:Int. j. mol. sci.
Publisher:MDPI
ISSN:1422-0067
COBISS.SI-ID:2779162 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Description:This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.
Licensing start date:01.07.2019

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:hmelj, genetika, viroidi, huda viroidna zakrnelost hmelja, izraženost genov, transkriptomska analiza

Projects

Funder:Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:Operational Programme Research, Development and Education
Project number:CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008357
Acronym:MEMOBIC

Funder:Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:Czech Science foundation
Project number:18-10515J/DFG STE 465/10-1

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:L4-6809
Name:Analiza odziva rastlin ob hkratnih okužbah viroidov in identifikacija odpornosti

Funder:ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
Project number:P4-0077
Name:Kmetijske rastline - genetika in sodobne tehnologije

Funder:Other - Other funder or multiple funders
Funding programme:IPMB
Project number:RVO:60077344

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