Pomen aflatoksinov pri nastanku hepatokarcinoma - zdravstvenovzgojna vloga medicinske sestre pri osveščanju populacije : diplomsko delo

Renko, Jakob (author), Zore, Anamarija (mentor), Pandel Mikuš, Ruža (reviewer)

Uvod: Aflatoksini so eden izmed najbolj toksičnih sekundarnih metabolitov, ki jih producirajo različne vrste plesni, kot so Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nominus in druge. Kontaminacija lahko privede do resnih zdravstvenih zapletov pri ljudeh in živalih in vključuje hapatotoksičnost, teratogenost in imunotoksičnost. Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati strokovno in znanstveno literaturo, ki se nanaša na aflatoksine in njihovo povezavo s hepatokarcinomom. Ugotoviti želimo, kako vpliva njihova prisotnost na ljudi. Predstaviti želimo plesni, ki izločajo aflatoksine in možne načine ozaveščanja glede na njihove morebitne učinke na prebivalstvo. Metode dela: Uporabljena je deskriptivna metoda dela. Izveden je pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature. Izveden je bil pregled literature dostopne v obdobju od junija do avgusta 2021 preko portala Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKul). Rezultati: Večkratna izpostavljenost nizkim odmerkom aflatoksinov tekom življenja povzroča kronične bolezni, med katerimi je najpogostejši in najhujši pojav karcinom. Čeprav je prehranski vnos aflatoksinov klasično povezan z rakom jeter in hiperplazijo žolčevodov, so mnoge raziskave poročale tudi o malignih obolenjih drugih organov kot so ledvice, trebušna slinavka, mehur, kosti, viscera itd. Pravzaprav kronična izpostavljenost aflatoksinom povzroča vrsto hudih bolezni vključno z imunosupresijo, teratogenostjo, mutagenostjo, citotoksičnostjo in estrogenskimi učinki pri sesalcih. Za posameznike, ki že imajo razvite kronične bolezni ali pa so v stiku z dejavniki tveganja je posebej pomembna osveščenost o zdravstvenem problemu in situaciji. Najboljša pozitivna sprememba je lahko prilagoditev življenjskega sloga. Za preprečevanje in učinkovitejše obvladovanje kroničnih nenalezljivih bolezni bi bila potrebna preusmeritev zdravstvene dejavnosti na primarni ravni v promocijo zdravja in izobraževanje o varni hrani že od osnovne šole naprej. Razprava in zaključek: S pregledom literature smo potrdili, da izpostavljenost aflatoksinom povzroča hepatocelularni karcinom in druge vrste zdravstvenih zapletov. Začetna hipoteza o kancerogenem učinku je potrjena. Opredelili smo zdravstveno vzgojne strategije za zmanjševanje dejavnikov tveganja in predstavili tudi nekaj okvirnih podatkov o pričakovanih rezultatih ob implementaciji načrtov. Smiselno bi bilo nadaljevati z raziskavami na tem področju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, aflatoksini, hepatokarcinom, zdravstvena vzgoja, učinki na zdravje, plesni
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Renko]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 21 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131818
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 84827651
• Publication date in RUL: 04.10.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The importance of aflatoxins in the development of hepatocarcinoma - the health education role of nursing in raising awareness of the population : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Aflatoxins are one of the most toxic secondary metabolites produced by various types of molds such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus nominus and others. Contamination can lead to serious health complications for humans and animals, including hapatotoxicity, teratogenicity and immunotoxicity. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the professional and scientific literature related to aflatoxins, which can cause hepatocarcinoma. We want to find out how their presence affects people. We aim to describe molds that secrete aflatoxins and possible ways to raise awareness about their greater effects on the population. Methods of work: A descriptive method of work is used to review scientific in the professional literature. A review of the literature available in the period from June to August 2021 was carried out through the portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKul). Results: Repeated exposure to low-dose aflatoxins during life can cause chronic diseases. Among them is cancer. Although dietary intake of aflatoxins is classically associated with liver cancer and bile duct hyperplasia, many studies have also reported malignancies of other organs such as the kidneys, pancreas, bladder, bones, viscera, and so on. Chronic exposure to aflatoxins causes immunosuppression, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, cytotoxicity, and estrogenic effects in mammals. Awareness of the health problem in the situation is especially important for individuals who already have various chronic diseases or are in contact with risk factors. The best positive change can be a healthy lifestyle. The prevention and effective management of chronic diseases would require a reorientation of health activities at the primary level in health promotion. Discussion and Conclusion: We have confirmed that exposure to aflatoxins acts on hepatocellular carcinoma and other types of health complications. The initial hypothesis of a carcinogenic effect was confirmed. We have identified health strategies to reduce risk factors and also presented some indicative data on expected results in implementation planning. It would make sense to continue research in this area.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, flatoxins, hepatocarcinoma, health education, effects on health, mold