Ekonomska analiza kriminalitetnih politik

Harder, Marisa (author), Zajc, Katarina (mentor)

Magistrsko delo se ukvarja z ekonomsko analizo kazenskega prava in z njo povezanimi dilemami, kot so vprašanja, ali kaznovanje res odvrača kriminaliteto, ali storilci pri odločitvi storitve kaznivega dejanja res razmišljajo o morebitni kazni, ali lahko spremembe v kaznovalni politiki dejansko vplivajo na upad oziroma porast kriminala v družbi in kakšna naj bi bila optimalna kriminalitetna politika. V delu je sprva razložena teorija, ki stoji za ugotovitvijo, da se posamezniki racionalno obnašajo, in kako lahko glede na to s kazenskim pravom vplivamo na obseg kriminalitete. Nato sledi obrazložitev, kakšen naj bi bil optimalen obseg kriminalitet v družbi, kakšne so optimalne sankcije ter kakšno škodo in stroške prinašajo kazniva dejanja oziroma boj proti njim. Proti koncu so prikazani rezultati različnih študij, ki so bile opravljene v zvezi s tem, ali so spremembe v kazenski zakonodaji in pregonu vplivale na spremembo kriminalitete v družbi. Ta analiza pokaže mešane rezultate. Najbolj konsistenten je rezultat študij, ki je potrdil vpliv na spremembe v kriminaliteti, ko je prišlo do sprememb na področju kazenskega pregona (povečanje verjetnosti prijetja oziroma večja prisotnost organov pregona). Na koncu sta še predstavljeni študija v zvezi s tem, kakšna naj bi bila optimalna kriminalitetna politika v ZDA, ter kratka raziskava glede stanja in vpliva na spremembe kriminalitete v Sloveniji. Tukaj rezultat pokaže nekaj vpliva tako pri spremembi verjetnosti prijetja kot pri zvišanju kazenskih sankcij. Večji vpliv pokaže sprememba kazenskih sankcij.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ekonomska analiza kazenskega prava, kaznovanje, odvračanje kriminalitete, optimalna kriminalitetna politika, racionalno obnašanje, optimalna kazenska sankcija, optimalni obseg kriminalitete, verjetnost prijetja, povečanje sankcije, metode preprečeva
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131687
• Publication date in RUL: 01.10.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Economic Analysis of Criminal Law

Abstract

The master's thesis deals with the economic analysis of criminal law and it's core problems. It deals with questions like: does punishment deter crime, are criminals really rational and think about the punishment before- hand, can criminal policy make changes in crime rates and what is the optimal criminal policy. First the thesis introduces the rational crime theory, then it explains what should be the optimal amount of crime deterrence, which are the most most efficient punishments, what damages and costs crime causes and how big is the amount of costs that comes from fighting against crime. Towards the end the thesis shows results from various studies that have researched the effect of change in probability of apprehension and punishment in crime rates. The studies have mixed result. The most consistent result in most of the studies is that a change in the probability of apprehension does have an effect on crime rates. At the end the thesis presents a small study that explains what should be the optimal criminal policy in the USA like and it also shows data on whether or not changes in apprehension and punishment, have had an effect on crime rates in Slovenia. Both changes show some effects, but the effect of punishment is bigger.

• Keywords: Economic analysis of criminal law, punishment, crime deterrence, optimal criminal policy. Rational behaviour, efficient punishment, optimal crime deterrence, probability of apprehension, severity of punishment, criminal deterring programs