AVTENTIKACIJA NAVIGACIJSKIH SPOROČIL V PROMETU

Srebot, Martin (author), Dimc, Franc (mentor)

Magistrsko delo obravnava mehanizem za avtentikacijo navigacijskih sporočil v odprti storitvi (OS) satelitsko podprtega sistema Galileo, imenovan OS-NMA. Ta sprejemniku GNSS omogoča, da preveri verodostojnost GNSS informacij in subjekta, ki le-te prenaša, z namenom potrditve, da prihajajo od zaupanja vrednega vira. Vse do danes oz. do nastanka tega magistrskega dela namreč ni bilo možno potrditi, da so sprejeti navigacijski in časovni podatki v tržno dostopen sprejemnik GNSS resnično prišli od njihovega navideznega izvora. Galileo zaenkrat poskusno postaja prva konstelacija, ki vključuje mehanizem NMA v signalu OS. Galileo je evropski globalni navigacijski satelitski sistem pod civilnim nadzorom, katerega uporaba je možna na številnih gospodarskih področjih, zlasti tistih, ki so povezani s prometom in inteligentnimi transportnimi sistemi. Tako naravne motnje kot tiste, ki jih povzročajo znani ali neznani radijski sistemi oz. posamezne naprave, lahko povzročijo poslabšanje natančnosti ali celo izgubo položaja. Ker našteto predstavlja resno grožnjo vedno večjemu številu od GNSS odvisnih storitev, je razmišljanje v smeri zmanjševanja omenjenih tveganj pripeljalo do predloga OS-NMA. Galileo OS-NMA temelji na hibridnem pristopu tehnik izdajanja simetričnih/asimetričnih ključev, znanem kot protokol TESLA. Ker je slednji zaradi svojih lastnosti, med drugim tudi močne odpornosti proti izgubi podatkov, zelo primeren za preverjanje pristnosti na področju radijske navigacije, je smiselno preizkusiti, kako deluje OS-NMA v oteženih pogojih sprejema GNSS signala, tako kot to velja za GNSS sprejemnike v okoljih z zmanjšano vidnostjo oz. zaznavnostjo satelitov. Da je avtentikacija v nekaterih lokacijsko podprtih sistemih v prometu nepotrebna oz. nesmiselna, se je izkazalo na primeru vseevropskega sistema eCall, ki v primeru prometne nesreče pošlje sporočilo z lokacijo centrom za ukrepanje ob nesrečah in pospeši pomoč voznikom. Reševalne službe so namreč s pravnega vidika zavezane k obravnavi vseh bodisi pristnih bodisi testnih oz. lažnih klicev v sili eCall.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Galileo, avtentikacija, Galileo OS-NMA, eCall, prometna varnost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FPP - Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-131259
• Publication date in RUL: 24.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: NAVIGATION MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION IN TRANSPORT

Abstract

This degree paper deals with the mechanism for authentication of navigation messages in the open service (OS) of the Galileo satellite-based system, called OS-NMA. This allows the GNSS receiver to verify the authenticity of the GNSS information and the entity that transmits it, in order to confirm that it comes from a trusted source. Until today or until the creation of this degree paper, it was not possible to confirm that the received navigation and time data really came from their apparent origin. Galileo is currently experimentally becoming the first constellation to include the NMA mechanism in the OS signal. Galileo is a European global navigation satellite system under civilian control, which can be used in many economic areas, especially those related to transport and intelligent transport systems. Both natural disturbances and those caused by known or unknown radio systems or individual devices can cause a deterioration in accuracy or even a loss of position. As this poses a serious threat to an increasing number of GNSS-dependent services, thinking in the direction of reducing these risks has led to the OS-NMA proposal. Galileo OS-NMA is based on a hybrid approach of symmetric/asymmetric key techniques known as the TESLA protocol. As this protocol, due to its properties, including strong resistance to data loss, is very suitable for authentication in the field of radio navigation, it makes sense to test how OS-NMA works in difficult conditions of GNSS signal reception, as is the case with GNSS receivers in environments with reduced visibility or detection of satellites. That authentication in some location-supported systems in transport is unnecessary or doesn't make sense proved to be in the case of the pan-European eCall system, which in the event of an accident sends a message with the location to the emergency response center and speeds up assistance to drivers. Namely, from the legal point of view, the rescue services are obliged to deal with all, either genuine or test or fake eCall emergency calls.

• Keywords: Galileo, authentication, Galileo OS-NMA, eCall, traffic safety