Žitne sneti kot grožnja v ekološki pridelavi strnih žit

Kunst, Nik (author), Celar, Franci Aco (mentor)

Žitne sneti predstavljajo v ekološki pridelavi velik izziv, saj kemični pripravki za njihovo zatiranje niso dovoljeni. Sneti se v osnovi razširjajo z semenom, prezimijo pa v obliki televtospor ali micelija. Patogen se več let ohranja na oziroma v semenu ali v tleh zato so potrebni preventivni ukrepi, s katerimi zmanjšamo možnost za okužbe. Z uporabo zdravega in razkuženega semenskega materiala je možnost za pojav bolezni manjša. Na voljo so različne tehnike, s katerimi se lahko oskrbuje in vzdržuje ‘‘zdrava’’ tla ter ustrezno razkužuje seme. Največ škode nastane zaradi uprabe kontaminiranega oz. okuženega semena, ki v ugodnih razmerah eksponentno okužuje preostale zdrave rastline v svoji bližini.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: strna žita, sneti, odpornost, varstvo, Ustilago, Tilletia, ekološka pridelava
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Kunst]
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130932
• UDC: 631.147:633.1:632.4(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 76511747
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Cereal smuts as a threat in organic small grain production

Abstract

Cereal smut diseases are considered a major threat to organic farming because the use of fungicides and other chemical treatments is prohibited. In general smuts spread with spores and overwinters as teliospore or mycelium. The pathogen persists in the soil or on contaminated seed for many years, so preventive measures are needed to control the disease. The use of healthy seed reduces the development of disease. There are many different soil protection and seed treatment techniques that can be used to prevent the spread of disease. Sowing contaminated seed results in high crop losses as the fungus exponentially infects its environment under favourable conditions.

• Keywords: small grain, smuts, resistance, Ustilago, Tilletia, organic farming