Applications of liquid-phase microextraction in the sample preparation of environmental solid samples

Prosen, Helena (author)

Solvent extraction remains one of the fundamental sample preparation techniques in the analysis of environmental solid samples, but organic solvents are toxic and environmentally harmful, therefore one of the possible greening directions is its miniaturization. The present review covers the relevant research from the field of application of microextraction to the sample preparation of environmental solid samples (soil, sediments, sewage sludge, dust etc.) published in the last decade. Several innovative liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques that have emerged recently have also been applied as an aid in sample preparation of these samples: single-drop microextraction (SDME), hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Besides the common organic solvents, surfactants and ionic liquids are also used. However, these techniques have to be combined with another technique to release the analytes from the solid sample into an aqueous solution. In the present review, the published methods were categorized into three groups: LPME in combination with a conventional solvent extraction; LPME in combination with an environmentally friendly extraction; LPME without previous extraction. The applicability of these approaches to the sample preparation for the determination of pollutants in solid environmental samples is discussed, with emphasis on their strengths, weak points and environmental impact.

• Language: English
• Keywords: liquid-phase microextraction, SDME, HF-LPME, DLLME, environmental solid sample, soil, sediment
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2014
• Number of pages: Str. 6776-6808
• Numbering: Vol. 19, iss. 5
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130814
• UDC: 543.063:504.06
• ISSN on article: 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules19056776
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1712175
• Publication date in RUL: 17.09.2021

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Molecules
• Shortened title: Molecules
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 1420-3049
• COBISS.SI-ID: 18462981

Licences

• License: CC BY 3.0, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
• Link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en
• Description: You are free to reproduce and redistribute the material in any medium or format. You are free to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
• Licensing start date: 23.05.2014

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: analizna kemija, analitska kemija, ekologija, vzorčevanje trdnih vzorcev, kemijske analize, tehnike priprave vzorcev, mikroanaliza, mikroekstrakcija, zemlja, sedimenti

Projects

• Funder: ARRS - Slovenian Research Agency
• Project number: P1-0153
• Name: Raziskave in razvoj analiznih metod in postopkov