Kvalitativna fazna analiza protibolečinskih zdravil z uporabo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije

Pavlovič, Nina (author), Meden, Anton (mentor)

Zdravila so snovi, s katerimi se v življenju pogosto srečujemo. Po zdravilih posegamo z namenom lajšanja in preprečevanja bolezni. Znanost se zelo razvija in tako je na trgu vedno več različnih zdravil. Zaradi izjemnega zanimanja zanje ter njihovo sestavo sem opravila analizo sestave šestnajstih analgetikov in antipiretikov z metodo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije. Rentgenska praškovna difrakcija je metoda, ki se uporablja za karakterizacijo kristaliničnih trdnin. Z rentgensko svetlobo osvetlimo vzorec in tako dobimo zanj značilno uklonsko sliko, ki ji pravimo praškovni posnetek ali difraktogram. Dobljene difraktograme sem s pomočjo računalniških programov X'pert HighScore Plus, Crystallographica Search-Match, ConQuest ter Mercury analizirala in tako identificirala večino zdravilnih učinkovin ter nekaj pomožnih snovi v zdravilih. Najprej sem s programom X'pert HighScore Plus primerjala med sabo difraktograme zdravil z enako zdravilno učinkovino in ugotovila, da so si dokaj podobni. Nato je sledila analiza uklonskih vrhov s programom Crystallographica Search-Match, kjer sem opazila, da večino vrhov pojasni zdravilna učinkovina in del njih pomožne snovi. Kar nekaj zdravil je vsebovalo organsko zdravilno učinkovino, katere nisem uspela najti v podatkovni zbirki PDF-2 programa CSM, zato sem si tu pomagala s programi ConQuest, zbirko CSD ter Mercury-em in tako dobila izračunani difraktogram, ki sem ga primerjala z difraktogramom vzorca. Nekaterih pomožnih snovi v vzorcu nisem uspela identificirati, za kar menim, da so bile amorfne ali pa jih je bilo v vzorcu premalo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: zdravilo, rentgenska praškovna difrakcija, difraktogram, fazna analiza
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130803
• COBISS.SI-ID: 84705795
• Publication date in RUL: 17.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Qualitative phase analysis of analgesics using X-ray powder diffraction.

Abstract

Medications are substances we often encounter in life. Medicines are used to alleviate and prevent disease. Science is evolving a lot and so there are more and more different medicines on the market. Due to the great interest in them and their composition, I performed an analysis of the composition of sixteen analgesics and antipyretics using the X-ray powder diffraction method. X-ray powder diffraction is a method used to characterize crystalline solids. We illuminate the sample with X-rays and thus obtain a characteristic diffraction image, which we call a powder pattern or diffractogram. I analyzed the obtained diffractograms with the help of computer programs X'pert HighScore Plus, Crystallographica Search-Match, ConQuest and Mercury and thus identified most of the active ingredients and some of the excipients in the drugs. First, I used X'pert HighScore Plus to compare the diffractograms of drugs with the same active ingredient and found that they were quite similar. This was followed by an analysis of the diffraction peaks with the Crystallographica Search-Match program where I noticed that most of the peaks were explained by the active substance and part of the excipients. Quite a few drugs contained an organic active substance that I could not find in the PDF-2 database of the CSM program, so I used ConQuest programs, the CSD database and Mercury to get a calculated diffractogram, which I then compared with a sample diffractogram. I was unable to identify some of the excipients in the sample, which I consider to be amorphous or present in an insufficient amount in the sample.

• Keywords: medicine, X-ray powder diffraction, diffractogram, phase analysis