Prikaz anatomskih struktur pri slikanju kolena stransko : diplomsko delo

Šnajder, Nika (author), Medič, Mojca (mentor), Starc, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: V diplomski nalogi smo raziskovali vpliv kota centralnega žarka in položaja kolena na prikaz anatomskih struktur v stranski projekciji. V radiološkem laboratoriju smo slikali fantom kolena v stranski projekciji, spreminjali pa smo položaj kolena in potek centralnega žarka in s tem ugotavljali, kako se spreminja vidljivost anatomskih struktur na rentgenski sliki. Spreminjali smo smer centralnega žarka v kranialni smeri. Izvajali smo premike kolena v zunanji in notranji rotaciji. Pri ekspozicijah smo vedno uporabili isto velikost polja in enake ekspozicijske pogoje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je preveriti vpliv poteka centralnega žarka in položaja kolena na prikaz anatomskih struktur. Metode dela: Raziskavo smo izvedli v radiološkem laboratoriju Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani. Razdelili smo jo na dva dela. V prvem delu smo raziskovali prikaz anatomskih struktur v stranski projekciji, spreminjali smo kot centralnega žarka in debelino objekta. Pri ožji medenici je acetabulum oddaljen 9 cm od podlage, pri širši pa 13 cm. Pri obeh oddaljenostih smo slikali med 4 – 15 stopinjskim kotom kranialno, kot smo vsakič spremili za eno stopinjo. V drugem delu smo raziskovali prikaz anatomskih struktur pri spremenjenem položaju kolena. Koleno smo rotirali od oddaljenosti pogačice od mize za 2 do 12 cm, in sicer vsak premik za 0,5 cm. Rezultati: Pri obeh oddaljenostih acetabuluma od podlage, je pri večjih kotih prišlo do distorzije objekta, kolenska sklepna špranja se je zaprla, kondili stegnenice niso bili poravnani. Pri rotiranju kolena v medialno in lateralno smer smo ugotovili, da se pri obeh rotacijah anatomske strukture prikažejo nepravilno, v zunanji rotaciji je bila mečnica prosto projicirana, v notranji pa v celoti superponirana v golenico. Kolenski sklep v obeh rotacijah ni bil odprt, kondila stegnenice se nista prekrivala, prisotna je bila distorzija objekta. Razprava in zaključek: Diplomsko delo prikazuje, kako pomembno je pravilno pozicioniranje slikanega objekta za optimalen prikaz anatomskih struktur. Če je kot slikanja prevelik, se kondila stegnenice ne prekrivata, kolenska sklepna špranja ni odprta in slika ni uporabna za diagnostiko. Enako velja pri preveliki zunanji ali notranji rotaciji kolena, kjer se pri pretiranem zasuku pojavi distorzija, stegnenični kondili niso poravnani in sklepna špranja ni odprta. Tudi ostale strukture niso prikazane pravilno v stranski projekciji.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, anatomija kolena, slikanje kolena stransko, stranska projekcija kolena, napake pri slikanju kolena stransko
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [N. Šnajder]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 31 str., [8] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130426
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 76419075
• Publication date in RUL: 15.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Presentation of anatomical structures of the knee on lateral image : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: In this diploma work we conducted a research on the influence of the angle of central beam and knee positioning on the presentation of anatomical structures of the knee. We took X-rays of the knee phantom in the faculty laboratory. We changed positions of the knee and course of the central beam and based on x-ray photos we determined how they affect the display of anatomical structures. We changed the beam course in the cranial direction and moved the knee in medial and lateral direction. We used same exposition factors and field of view on every photo. Purpose: purpose of diploma work is to research influence of the central beam angle and position of the knee on the display of anatomical structures. Methods: The research was performed on a knee phantom in the laboratory of Faculty of Health Sciences in Ljubljana. It was divided in two parts. In first part we changed the width of the hips and angle of central beam. The acetabulum on a simulated thinner pelvic bone was 9 cm away from the surface while on the wider pelvic bone it was 13 cm away. We made radiograms from 4° to 15° cranial on both widths, by changing angle for 1° per exposure. In the second part we were changing the rotation of the knee. Patella was 2cm away from the surface on first exposure and then we rotated for 0,5 cm on each exposure all the way up to 12 cm. Results: in both simulated widths of the hips a distortion of objects was found on exposures with bigger cranial angle. The knee joint was not open, femural condyles were not aligned. In both, lateral and medial rotations, the anatomical structures show incorrectly, in lateral rotation fibula was projected next to the tibia, while in the medial rotation it was shown projected entirely into the tibia. Knee joint was also not opened in any rotation, condyles of femur were not aligned and the object was distorted. Discussion and conclusion: this diploma work shows the importance of correct positioning for an optimal presentation of anatomical structures. If the angle of exposure is too big the condyles of the femur are not aligned, the knee joint is not open and the x-ray is not optimal for diagnostics. The same goes for medial or lateral rotation, because if we rotate the knee too much the x-ray will be distorted, condyles will not be aligned and the knee joint will not be shown open. Other structures are also not shown correctly in a side view.

• Keywords: diploma theses, radiologic technology, anatomy of the knee, lateral image of the knee, errors in lateral view of the knee