Optimizacija postopka nanosa ognjevarne apreture na celulozna bombažna vlakna za tehnične namene

Vidmar, Lara (author), Tomšič, Brigita (mentor), Zupin Nabergoj, Nataša (comentor)

Namen diplomskega dela je bil določiti optimalno koncentracijo ognjevarnega sredstva na podlagi dušika in fosforja za dosego ognjevarnih lastnosti bombažne tkanine, ki bo ustrezala predpisom o požarni varnosti notranjosti motornih vozil, ter proučiti, kako postopno višanje koncentracije sredstva vpliva na mehansko-fizikalne lastnosti bombažne tkanine. Tržni produkt Eco-Flam CL (Devan Chemicals, Belgija) je bil nanešen na 100-odstotno bombažno tkanino po impregnirnem postopku v šestih različnih koncentracijah 100–150 g/l. Morfološke in kemijske lastnosti proučevanih vzorcev so bile določene z uporabo vrstične elektronske mikroskopije (SEM) in infrardeče spektroskopije s Fourierjevo transformacijo (FTIR). Funkcionalne ognjevarne lastnosti so bile določene s horizontalnim testom gorljivosti, vpliv nanosa ognjevarnega sredstva na fizikalne in mehanske lastnosti bombažne tkanine pa z meritvami togosti, pretržne sile in raztezka. Nanos proučevanega zaviralca ognja v nižji koncentraciji je na vlaknih oblikoval enakomeren apreturni film; z višanjem koncentracije je nastal debel neenakomeren sloj, ki je mestoma povzročil medsebojno zlepljenje vlaken. Nanos ognjevarne apreture je uspešno znižal vnetljivost in hitrost gorenja bombažne tkanine. Začetno višanje koncentracije sredstva je sprva nekoliko povišalo gorenje bombažne tkanine v primerjavi z najnižjo koncentracijo sredstva, z nadaljnjim višanjem le-te pa ponovno znižalo in drastično spustilo pri zadnji, najvišji koncentraciji. Prisotnost ognjevarnega sredstva v nižjih koncentracijah 100–120 g/l je znižala celokupno togost bombažne tkanine; nadaljnje višanje koncentracije sredstva 130–150 g/l je povzročilo poslabšanje gibkosti in voljnosti bombažne tkanine. Skladno s spremembo togosti sta se spreminjala tudi pretržna trdnost in raztezek vzorcev v smeri osnovnih niti, pri čemer se je vzorec, apretiran z najvišjo koncentracijo ognjevarnega sredstva, izkazal za 5 oziroma 15 odstotkov višjo pretržno trdnost in raztezek kot neapretiran vzorec. V smeri votkovnih niti sprememba koncentracije ognjevarnega sredstva 100–150 g/l ni pomembno vplivala na pretržno trdnost in raztezek apretiranih vzorcev.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bombaž, tehnične tekstilije, ognjevarna apretura, vpliv koncentracije, horizontalni test gorljivosti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-130123
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Optimization of application process of flame retardant finish on cotton cellulose fibres for technical purposes

Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the optimum concentration of nitrogen- phosphorus-based flame retardant to achieve flame-retardant properties of cotton fabrics that meet automotive fire safety regulations, and to investigate the effect of the concentration variation on the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics. The market product Eco-Flam CL (Devan Chemicals, Belgium) was applied to 100% cotton fabrics in an impregnation process at six different concentrations ranging from 100 to 150 g/l. The morphological and chemical properties of the investigated samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The functional flame retardant activity was determined by a horizontal flammability test, while the influence of the flame retardant on the mechanical properties of the cotton fabric was investigated by measuring stiffness, breaking strength and elongation. Application of flame retardant finish reduced the flammability and burning rate of cotton fabrics even at the lowest concentration applied, but at higher concentration of 110–130 g/l, a slight increase in flammability of these samples was observed. However, at the highest concentration of 150 g/l, the flammability of cotton decreased drastically and significant flame retardancy was obtained. The presence of flame retardants at lower concentrations of 100–120 g/l decreased the overall stiffness of cotton fabrics, while further increase in concentration to 130–150 g/l resulted in impairment of flexibility and handling properties of cotton fabric. The same trend as for the stiffness was observed in the tensile strength and elongation of the tested samples, where the samples with the highest concentration of a flame retardant had about 5 and 15 times higher tensile strength and elongation in the warp direction, respectively, compared to the untreated sample. In the weft direction, variation of the flame retardant concentration from 100 to 150 g/l had no significant effect on the tensile strength and elongation of the finished samples.

• Keywords: cotton, technical textiles, fire retardant, effects of concentrations, horizontal flammability test