Analiza sestave ekstraktov konoplje (Cannabis sativa), pridobljenih z ekstrakcijami z organskimi topili, superkritičnim CO2 in subkritično vodo

Marolt, Ana (author), Kočevar Glavač, Nina (mentor), Schoss, Katja (co-mentor)

Konoplja, Cannabis sativa, ena izmed rastlin, katerih uporaba sega v tisočletja pred našim štetjem, je rastlina »tisočerih molekul«. Znana je po številnih lastnostih, zaradi katerih predstavlja surovino, uporabno za najrazličnejše namene v kozmetični, prehranski, farmacevtski in gradbeni industriji. Je tudi osrednja tema številnih strokovnih in znanstvenih literaturnih virov, pa vendar v slednjih redko najdemo primerjavo različnih metod za pripravo konopljinih ekstraktov. Namen tega diplomskega dela je bil analizirati sestavo različnih ekstraktov konoplje, pridobljenih s postopki ekstrakcije s subkritično vodo, superkritičnim CO2 in organskimi topili. S pomočjo metode tekočinske kromatografije visoke ločljivosti (HPLC) smo analizirali prisotnost kanabinoidov, s plinsko kromatografijo, sklopljeno z masno spektrometrijo (GC-MS), smo raziskovali prisotnost hlapnih spojin, ter z metodama DPPH in ABTS ugotavljali antioksidativno aktivnost posameznih ekstraktov. S pridobljenimi rezultati smo prikazali razlike v sestavi ekstraktov glede na različne metode pridobivanja in hkrati ovrednotili primernost in smiselnost posamezne metode za pridobivanje preiskovanih spojin. Ugotovili smo, da se ekstrakti med seboj bistveno razlikujejo, tako po kvalitativni kot kvantitativni vsebnosti preiskovanih spojin. Največjo vsebnost kanabinoidov je med ekstrakti, pridobljenimi s superkritičnim CO2, imel CV3 (52,71 %), med ekstrakti, pridobljenimi s subkritično vodo SV15 (0,06 %), in med ekstrakti, pridobljenimi z organskimi topili, etanolni ekstrakt (5,28 %). Največjo vsebnost celokupnih terpenskih spojin je imel ekstrakt, pridobljen s subkritično vodo pri 190 °C in 20 bar (52,22 %), sledil mu je ekstrakt, pridobljen s superkritičnim CO2 CV3 (38,18 %), in njegov vodni zaostanek, ekstrakt »CO2 voda« (32,09 %). Med ekstrakti, pridobljenimi z organskimi topili, je imel največjo vsebnost celokupnih terpenskih spojin metanolni ekstrakt (4,59 %). Največjo antioksidativno aktivnost so izkazovali ekstrakti, pridobljeni s superkritičnim CO2, predvsem ekstrakt CV3, sledili so mu ekstrakti, pridobljeni s subkritično vodo, kjer je prevladal ekstrakt SV15, najmanjšo pa so imeli ekstrakti, pridobljeni z organskimi topili, med katerimi je imel najboljše antioksidativno delovanje metanolni ekstrakt.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Cannabis sativa, CO2 ekstrakcija, ekstrakcija s subkritično vodo
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: FFA - Faculty of Pharmacy
• Year: 2021
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129583
• Publication date in RUL: 05.09.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Analysis of the composition of hemp extracts (Cannabis sativa) obtained by extractions with organic solvents, supercritical CO2 and subcritical water

Abstract

Cannabis, Cannabis sativa, which use dates back to millennia BC, is a plant of »thousands of molecules«. It is known for its many properties, which make the raw material useful for a variety of purposes in the cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, and construction industries. It is also the main topic in many professional and scientific publications, yet we rarely find a comparison of cannabis extraction methods. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the composition of various cannabis extracts obtained by extraction processes with subcritical water, supercritical CO2, and organic solvents. The presence of cannabinoids was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the presence of volatile compounds was investigated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity of individual extracts was determined by DPPH and ABTS. With the obtained results, we showed the differences in the composition of extracts according to different methods of extraction, and at the same time evaluated the suitability and significance of each method for obtaining the investigated compounds. We found out that the extracts differ significantly, both in the qualitative and quantitative content of the tested compounds. CV3 had the highest content of cannabinoids among extracts obtained with supercritical CO2 (52.71%), SV15 (0.06%) among extracts obtained with subcritical water, and ethanolic extract among extracts obtained with organic solvents. (5.28%). The highest content of total terpene compounds was found in the extract obtained with subcritical water at 190 ° C and 20 bar (52.22%), followed by the extract obtained with supercritical CO2 CV3 (38.18%), and its aqueous residue, CO2 water (32.09%). Among the extracts obtained with organic solvents, the methanol extract had the highest content of total terpene compounds (4.59%). The highest antioxidative activity was shown by extracts obtained with supercritical CO2, mainly the CV3 extract, followed by extracts obtained with subcritical water, where SV15 extract predominates, and the extracts obtained with organic solvents had the lowest antioxidative activity, among which the methanol extract had the best effect.

• Keywords: Cannabis sativa, CO2 extraction, extraction with subcritical water