Promocija zdravja pri mladostnikih z zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi : diplomsko delo

Mavrič, Špela (author), Lapanja, Aljoša (mentor), Kvas, Andreja (reviewer)

Uvod: Mladostniki prevzemajo vedenja, ki lahko vodijo do različnih zdravstvenih tveganj, vključno z uživanjem psihoaktivnih snovi. Zloraba psihoaktivnih snovi vpliva na kratkoročno in dolgoročno telesno, duševno in socialno zdravje posameznika in njegove okolice, zato predstavlja velik javnozdravstveni problem. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opredeliti najpogostejše oblike zlorabe psihoaktivnih snovi v mladostništvu, preučiti pomen in vpliv promocije zdravja na uspešnost preprečevanja in zmanjševanja zlorabe psihoaktivnih snovi pri mladostnikih ter raziskati obstoječe in potencialne možnosti dela medicinske sestre pri obravnavi mladostnikov z zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom domače in tuje strokovne in znanstvene literature, objavljene med letoma 2011 in 2021. Iskanje literature je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE in bibliografsko-kataložni bazi podatkov COBIB.SI. V analizo smo vključili 13 člankov. Rezultati: Najpogostejše oblike zlorabe psihoaktivnih snovi v mladostništvu so alkohol ali konoplja, ekstazi, kokain, heroin, amfetamin. Na preprečevanje in zmanjševanje psihoaktivnih snovi v mladostništvu imajo največji vpliv vedenjski, psihosocialni in družbeno-okoliški dejavniki povezani z mladostnikom, družino, vrstniki in šolo. Največji pomen promocije zdravja na uspešnost preprečevanja in zmanjševanja psihoaktivnih snovi v mladostništvu imajo promocijski programi, ki poudarjajo dejavnike odpornosti, vključno s pozitivnim duševnim zdravjem. Obstoječe možnosti dela medicinske sestre pri obravnavi mladostnikov z zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi so večinoma usmerjene k zdravstveni vzgoji, ne pa k strategijam promocije zdravja. Potencialne možnosti dela medicinske sestre se kažejo z vključitvijo strokovnjakov, kot so umetniki in drugi, s katerimi bi lahko sodelovala pri izboljšanju zdravja mladostnikov, z vključevanjem mladostnikov iz ranljivejših skupin v programe promocije zdravja, z uporabo presejalnih orodji in socialnih omrežji. Razprava in zaključek: Promocijski programi bi morali biti za presojanje uspešnosti preprečevanja in zmanjševanja zlorabe psihoaktivnih snovi procesno načrtovani in evalvirani. Pozitivni vidiki duševnega zdravja so največji ščit mladostnika pred zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi, zato je na tem mestu nujen razvoj, implementacija in evalvacija promocijskih programov, ki krepijo pozitiven razvoj, socialno-čustvene spretnosti in osebnostne lastnosti. Za uspešno izvajanje promocijskih programov pa morajo medicinske sestre poznati kompetence s področja promocije zdravja in biti skladno z njimi usposobljene za celovito izvajanje le-te v kliničnem okolju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, duševno zdravje, mladostništvo, odvisnost, medicinska sestra, preventiva
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [Š. Mavrič]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 44 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129108
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 74403587
• Publication date in RUL: 27.08.2021

MAVRIČ, Špela, 2021, Promocija zdravja pri mladostnikih z zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi : diplomsko delo [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : Š. Mavrič. [Accessed 31 March 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=129108

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Health promotion in adolescents with psychoactive substance abuse : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Adolescents adopt behaviours that can lead to a variety of health risks, including the use of psychoactive substances. The abuse of psychoactive substances affects the short-term and long-term physical, mental and social health of the individual and his surroundings, and therefore represents a major public health problem. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to identify the most common forms of substance abuse in adolescence, to study the importance and impact of health promotion on the effectiveness of preventing and reducing substance abuse in adolescents and to explore existing and potential opportunities for nursing in treating adolescents with substance abuse. Methods: A descriptive method of work was used with a review of domestic and foreign professional and scientific literature published between 2011 and 2021. The literature search was performed in the Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE databases and the COBIB.SI bibliographic-catalog database. We included 13 articles in the analysis. Results: The most common forms of substance abuse in adolescence are alcohol or cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine, heroin, amphetamine. Behavioral, psychosocial and socio-environmental factors related to the adolescent, family, peers and school have the greatest influence on the prevention and reduction of psychoactive substances in adolescence. Of the greatest importance of health promotion on the effectiveness of the prevention and reduction of psychoactive substances in adolescence are promotional programs that highlight resilience factors, including positive mental health. Existing job opportunities for nurses in treating adolescents with substance abuse are mostly focused on health education rather than health promotion strategies. Potential opportunities for a nurse to work are shown by involving professionals such as artists and others with whom she could work to improve adolescent health, by involving adolescents from more vulnerable groups in health promotion programs, by using screening tools and social media. Discussion and conclusion: Promotional programs should be process-planned and evaluated to assess the effectiveness of preventing and reducing substance abuse. Positive aspects of mental health are the greatest shield of adolescents against the abuse of psychoactive substances, so it is necessary to develop, implement and evaluate promotional programs that strengthen positive development, socio-emotional skills and personality traits. For the successful implementation of promotional programs, nurses must know the competencies in the field of health promotion and be trained in accordance with them for its comprehensive implementation in the clinical environment.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, mental health, youth, addiction, nurse, prevention