Vpliv ortopedskih vložkov na bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta : diplomsko delo

Psenner, Tjaša (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Pavlović, Monika (comentor), Levec, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Stopalo in gleženj sta kompleksni, stabilni in elastični strukturi, ki vsebujeta 28 kosti ter več kot 30 sklepov. Stopalo sestoji iz treh stopalnih lokov. Glede na obliko ločimo tri tipe stopal: plosko stopalo, normalno in obokano stopalo. Za izboljšanje funkcij stopal ter spodnjih udov med stojo in gibanjem se lahko uporabijo ortopedski vložki. Spremembe, kot so večanje togosti tkiv, pogosto povzročijo bolečine v stopalih. Zaradi različnih poznanih in nepoznanih nepravilnosti ter bolezni pa se lahko pojavi tudi bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta. Večje tveganje za tovrstne bolečine imajo osebe, ki opravljajo fizično zahtevna dela, osebe, ki imajo različne pridružene bolezni, kadilci ter prekomerno težki posamezniki. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opraviti pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature na temo ortopedskih vložkov, ki se uporabljajo pri posameznikih z bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta in njihov vpliv na oceno bolečine. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v angleškem jeziku v dveh podatkovnih bazah, PubMed in ScienceDirect. Uporabili smo iskalni niz (influence OR effect) AND (insoles OR shoe insert OR orthopaedic insole) AND (low back pain). Vključili smo prosto dostopne članke, objavljene v zadnjih 10 letih, ter članke in raziskave, ki obravnavajo osebe z bolečino v spodnjem delu hrbta v povezavi z uporabo ortopedskih vložkov. Rezultati: V diplomsko delo smo vključili 7 člankov. Štiri vključene raziskave so klinične študije, tri pa sistematični pregledi literature. Avtorji vseh vključenih raziskavah so obravnavali ortopedske vložke (serijske, individualno izdelane, polizdelke, placebo vložke in druge). Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da vložki zagotovijo oblazinjenje, razporedijo pritiske in izboljšajo biomehaniko stopal, spodnjih udov ter hrbtenice, kar je najverjetneje tudi razlog, da se je nekaterim sodelujočim zmanjšala bolečina v spodnjem delu hrbta. Pri petih raziskavah je prišlo do značilnih izboljšanj, pri ostalih ni bilo statistično značilnih sprememb. Izboljšave na področju zmanjšanja bolečine v spodnjem delu hrbta se kažejo predvsem do šestega tedna uporabe ortopedskih vložkov. V nadaljnjih študijah bi se bilo potrebno osredotočiti na posamične starostne skupine.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, stopala, stopalne ortoze, bolečina v križu
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Psenner]
• Year: 2021
• Number of pages: 29 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-129103
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 74270467
• Publication date in RUL: 27.08.2021

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of orthopaedic insole on low-back pain : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Foot and ankle are complex, stable and elastic structures, which consist of 28 bones and more than 30 joints. Foot consistsof three arches. Based on its shape it is classified in three types: flat foot type, normal type and high arched type. Orthopaedic insoles can be used for acheiving better foot function and lower extremity function in different activities such as standing and walking. Changes such as increased tissue stiffness can often cause foot pain. Due to different known and unknown abnormalities and diseases of the body low back pain can also occur. People who are at high risk for developing low back pain are people who do a lot of physical work, people who have other various associated diseases, smokers and overweight individuals. Purpose: The purpose of our diploma work was to review the professional and scientific literature based on orthopaedic insoles, which are used for treating low back pain. Methods: The literature used was in the English language found in two databases PubMed and ScienceDirect. Keywords used were (influence OR effect) AND (insoles OR shoe insert OR orthopaedic insole) AND (low back pain). We included free articles from the last 10 years, which discussed the correlation between orthopaedic insoles and patients with low back pain. Results: For final analysis, 7 studies were included in our thesis ,four of which were clinical studies and three were systematic literature reviews. Orthopaedic insoles are included in every study (industrial, individually made and semi custom orthopaedic insoles, placebo insoles and others). We were interested in the effect of the use of orthopaedic insoles on low back pain. Discussion and conclusion: We found that orthopaedic insoles can improve low back pain by ensuring cushioning of feet, distribute pressure and forces, and they also improve biomechanics of feet, lower extremities and spine. In most of the articles (5) improvements in low back pain were noted, however, in others there were no significant differences found. Low back pain improvements were mostly detected until week 6. For further studies the focus should be on individual age groups.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, feet, foot orthoses, lower back pain